tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12657361375021924242024-03-05T12:42:01.479+08:00"adventure in chemistry world "hIDUP ini tak seindah yang dibayangkan.
tapi lebih buruk jika dipikirkan,...
Hidup penuh optimis,
original, n realistis
idealisreski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.comBlogger142125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-19367368176289216462014-12-05T20:23:00.005+08:002014-12-05T20:23:42.552+08:00UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER GANJIL<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">TAHUN PELAJARAN 2014-2015<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Pililhlah
salah satu jawaban a, b, c, d atau e yang merupakan jawaban paling benar!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ilmu kimia adalah …<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ilmu yang
mempelajarai perubahan lingkungan
disekitar <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ilmu yang
mempelajari makhluk hidup dan perubahannya<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ilmu yang mempelajari perubahan struktur,
sifat perubahan materi dan energi yang menyertainya<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ilmu
tentang hubungan makhluk dengan sesame manusia, pencipta dan lingkungannya<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ilmu
tetntang keadaan fisik suatu benda<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Contoh peranan ilmu kimia dalam bidang
pertanian adalah <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Penemuan sel surya untuk menghasilkan energi<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Penemuan vaksin untuk penyakit menular<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Penemuan obat tertentu untuk melawan penyakit<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Penemuan mikroprosesor yang digunakan dalam
peralatan elektronik<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Penemuan pupuk sintesis yang dapat
meningkatkan hasil pertanian<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Model atom Dalton
digambarkan sebagaibola berbentuk bola bulat masif. Kelemahan model atom ini
adalah ….<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Belum
menggambarkan letak dan lintasan elektron dalam suatu atom<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Belum
mengemukakan adanya muatan dalam suatu atom<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Dalton gtidak
mampu menerangkan mengapa elektron tidak jatuh ke inti atom<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Atomnya
digambarkan sebagai bola yang berbentuk bulat masif<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Hanya tepat untuk
atom dengan nomor atom kecil<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Suatu atom
terdiri atas inti yang bermuatan positif dengan elektron-elektron yang
mengelilinginya. Elektron-elektron tidak akan jatuh ke dalam intinya karena …..<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Elektron selalu
dalam keadaan diam<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Energi tolak
menolak partikel pasif dan partikel negatif cukup besar<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Elektron bergerak
menurut lintasannya yang tertentu dengan gerak tertentu pula dari inti<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Elektron terlalu
jauh dari inti sehingga ada efek tarik-menarik<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Antara inti dan
elektron terdapat penghalang<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Bagian terkecil dari suatu unsur yang tidak
bisa di bagi lagi disebut …<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Atom d.
Proton<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Electron e.
Inti atom<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Neutron<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Partikel penyusun inti atom adalah ... .<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Proton d.
Proton dan neutron<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Neutron e.
Proton electron dan neutron<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Neutron
dan electron<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kelemahan model atom Rutherford adalah ....<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->atom-atom
unsur adalah identic<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->belum dapat menentukan bahwa inti atom
bermuatan positif<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->belum
dapat menentukan bahwa proton bermuatan positif<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->tidak
dapat menjelaskan alasan elektron tidak jatuh ke inti<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->tidak
dapat menjelaskan atom merupakan bola pejal<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Suatu atom yang memiliki 3 kulit electron dan
mempunyai 5 elektron valensi, maka atom tersebut terletak pada golongan …..<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->IA d.
VIA<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->IIA e.
VB<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->VA<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Jumlah maksimum elektron pada kulit N adalah
... .<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->18 d.
32<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->20 e.
50<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->30<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Salah satu isotop rubidium mempunyai nomor
atom 37 dan nomor massa 85. Atom tersebut mengandung ....<o:p></o:p></div>
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a. 48 proton, 37 netron, dan 48 elektron<o:p></o:p></div>
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b. 37 proton, 37 netron, dan 48 elektron<o:p></o:p></div>
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c. 37 proton, 48 netron, dan 37 elektron<o:p></o:p></div>
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d. 37 proton, 85 netron, dan 37 elektron<o:p></o:p></div>
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e. 48 proton, 37 elektron, dan 37 netron</div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Unsur <sub>13</sub><sup>27</sup>Al dalam
system periodeik terletak pada ….<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Golongan
VIB, periode 4<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Golongan
VIA, periode 4<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Golongan
IIIA, periode 3<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Golongan
IIIB, periode 3<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Golongan
IIIA, periode 4<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Diantara unsur berikut <sub>11</sub>Na, <sub>12</sub>Mg,
<sub>13</sub>Al, <sub>19</sub>K dan <sub>20 </sub>Ca yang sidat logamnya paling
kuat adalah …<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Na d.
K<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mg e.
Ca<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Al<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Dalam periode yang sama, bila dibandingkan
unsur golongan (II A)alkali tanah, maka golongan alkali (IA) mempunyai
sifat-sifat<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Energi
ionisasinya lebih besar<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Afinitas elektronnya
lebih besar<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Jari-jari
atomnya lebih panjang<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Keelektonegatifannya
lebih besar<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kurang
reaktif<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Atom <sup>24</sup><sub>11</sub>Na berisotop
dengan <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><sup>24</sup><sub>12</sub>Mg d.
<sup>28</sup><sub>14</sub>Si<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><sup>23</sup><sub>11</sub>Na e.
<sup>27</sup><sub>14</sub>Si<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><sup>27</sup><sub>13</sub>Al<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->15.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Menurut Mendeleev sifat fisik dan kimia
unsur-unsur merupakan fungsi periodic dari ..<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Massa atomnya d.
Jumlah elektronnya<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Nomor atomnya e.
Jumlah neutronnya<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Jumlah protonnya<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->16.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->System periodeik modern yang diusulkan oleh
Moseley dan Lothar Meyer disusun berdasarkan<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sifat
kimia unsur<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sifat
fisik unsur<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Konfigurasi
electron unsur<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Massa atom
unsur<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Nomor atom
dan sifat-sifat unsur<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->17.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Hal yang menjadi perbedaan utama system
periodek unsur Mendeleev dengan system periodic unsur modern adalah ….<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Bentuk
system periodic<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Jumlah
unsur dalam setiap golongan<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Dasar yang
digunakan dalam penyusunan<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kepriodikan
sifat unsur<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Adanya
ramalan tentang unsur baru <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->18.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ikatan yang
terjadi karena adanya gaya Tarik menari antara ion positif dan ion negative
disebut..<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ikatan ion<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ikatan kovalen<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ikatan kovalen
koordinasi<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ikatan logam<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ikatan kimia<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->19.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Berikut ini yang
merupakan konfigurasi elektron gas mulia adalah ....<o:p></o:p></div>
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a.
2 . 2 d. 2 . 8 . 6<o:p></o:p></div>
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b.
2 . 8 . 8
e. 2 . 8 . 8 . 4<o:p></o:p></div>
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c.
2 . 8 . 8 . 2<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->20.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Unsur yang
terletak pada golongan IVA periode 3 mempunyai konfigurasu electron <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->2 4 d.
2 8 18 3<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->2 8 4 e.
2 8 18 4<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->2 8 8 4<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->21.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Diketahui
nomor atom Fe = 26, maka konfigurasi elektron ion Fe3+ adalah ....<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
a. 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>,4<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
3<i>d</i><sup>9</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
b. 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>,4<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
3<i>d</i><sup>10</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
c. 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>,4<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
3<i>d</i><sup>3</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
d. 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>,4<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
3<i>d</i><sup>4</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
e. 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>,
3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>d</i><sup>5</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
22. Suatu atom unsur X mempunyai
susunan elektron: 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>,
3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>d</i><sup>5</sup>, 4<i>s</i><sup>1</sup>.
Unsur tersebut adalah … .<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
a. logam
alkali<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
b. unsur
halogen<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
c. unsur
golongan IB<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
d. unsur
transisi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
e. salah satu unsur lantanida<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
23. Ion
M3+ mempunyai konfigurasi elektron: 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>d</i><sup>5</sup>.
<sup> </sup>Pernyataan yang <b><i>tidak </i></b>benar
mengenai unsur M adalah … .<o:p></o:p></div>
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a.
mempunyai nomor atom 26<o:p></o:p></div>
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b.
terletak pada periode 4<o:p></o:p></div>
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c.
termasuk unsur transisi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
d.
merupakan anggota golongan VIIIB<o:p></o:p></div>
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e. mengandung lima elektron tidak berpasangan<o:p></o:p></div>
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24. Unsur fosforus (Z = 15) dan unsur
vanadium (Z = 23) mempunyai kesamaan dalam hal … .<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
a. nomor
periode<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
b. nomor
golongan<o:p></o:p></div>
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c.
bilangan oksidasi paling rendah<o:p></o:p></div>
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d.
subkulit terakhir yang diisi oleh elektron<o:p></o:p></div>
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e. jumlah elektron yang tidak berpasangan<o:p></o:p></div>
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25. Molekul <i>X</i>Cl3 mempunyai
momen dipol sama dengan nol. Bentuk molekul itu adalah … .<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
a. linear<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
b.
segitiga planar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
c.
tetrahedral<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
d.
piramida trigonal<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
e. segi empat datar<o:p></o:p></div>
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26. Bentuk molekul IF3 adalah … .<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
a.
segitiga planar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
b.
piramida trigonal<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
c. planar
bentuk T<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
d.
tetrahedral<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
e. segi empat planar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:wrapblock><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0">
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1">
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1">
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0">
</v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_s1027" style="height: 25.5pt; margin-left: 19.5pt; margin-top: 19.4pt; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-relative: page; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-relative: page; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 226.5pt; z-index: 251662336;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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<w:wrap type="topAndBottom">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape></o:wrapblock><br clear="ALL" />
27.
Konfigurasi elektron unsur X sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
Unsur X
terletak pada ….<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
a. periode
3, golongan 2 d.
periode 4, golongan 2<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
b. periode
3, golongan 3 e.
periode 4, golongan 3<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
c. periode 4, golongan 1<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:wrapblock><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 51.75pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 23.7pt; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-relative: page; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-relative: page; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 266.25pt; z-index: 251663360;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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<w:wrap type="topAndBottom">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape></o:wrapblock><br clear="ALL" />
28.
Data pengisian elektron dalam orbital sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
Pengisian
elektron yang tidak mengikuti aturan <i>aufbau </i>dan <i>Hund </i>adalah……<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
a. 1 dan 2
d.
1 dan 4<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
b. 2 dan 3
e.
2 dan 4<o:p></o:p></div>
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c. 3 dan 4<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
29 Unsur X bernomor atom 8, maka harga
keempat bilangan kuantum adalah…<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
a. <i>n </i>=2;
<i>l </i>= 0; <i>m </i>= 0; <i>s </i>= - ½ d.
<i>n </i>=2; <i>l </i>= 1; <i>m </i>= -1; <i>s </i>= + ½<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
b <i>n </i>=2;
<i>l </i>= 1; <i>m </i>= 1; <i>s </i>= + ½ e.
<i>n </i>=2; <i>l </i>= 1; <i>m </i>= -1; <i>s </i>= - ½<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
c. <i>n </i>=2 ; <i>l </i>= 1; <i>m </i>= 0; <i>s </i>= - ½<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">30 Di antara unsur 12P,
16Q, 17R, 23S, dan 53T yang terletak pada golongan dan periode yang sama adalah
. . . .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a.
P dan R d.
S dan T<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b.
Q dan S e.
R dan T<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. P dan Q</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-10538597262722498462014-12-05T20:23:00.003+08:002014-12-05T20:23:37.050+08:00UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER GANJIL<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">TAHUN PELAJARAN 2014-2015<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Pililhlah
salah satu jawaban a, b, c, d atau e yang merupakan jawaban paling benar!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ilmu kimia adalah …<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ilmu yang
mempelajarai perubahan lingkungan
disekitar <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ilmu yang
mempelajari makhluk hidup dan perubahannya<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ilmu yang mempelajari perubahan struktur,
sifat perubahan materi dan energi yang menyertainya<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ilmu
tentang hubungan makhluk dengan sesame manusia, pencipta dan lingkungannya<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ilmu
tetntang keadaan fisik suatu benda<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Contoh peranan ilmu kimia dalam bidang
pertanian adalah <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Penemuan sel surya untuk menghasilkan energi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Penemuan vaksin untuk penyakit menular<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Penemuan obat tertentu untuk melawan penyakit<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Penemuan mikroprosesor yang digunakan dalam
peralatan elektronik<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Penemuan pupuk sintesis yang dapat
meningkatkan hasil pertanian<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Model atom Dalton
digambarkan sebagaibola berbentuk bola bulat masif. Kelemahan model atom ini
adalah ….<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Belum
menggambarkan letak dan lintasan elektron dalam suatu atom<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Belum
mengemukakan adanya muatan dalam suatu atom<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Dalton gtidak
mampu menerangkan mengapa elektron tidak jatuh ke inti atom<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Atomnya
digambarkan sebagai bola yang berbentuk bulat masif<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Hanya tepat untuk
atom dengan nomor atom kecil<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Suatu atom
terdiri atas inti yang bermuatan positif dengan elektron-elektron yang
mengelilinginya. Elektron-elektron tidak akan jatuh ke dalam intinya karena …..<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Elektron selalu
dalam keadaan diam<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Energi tolak
menolak partikel pasif dan partikel negatif cukup besar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Elektron bergerak
menurut lintasannya yang tertentu dengan gerak tertentu pula dari inti<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Elektron terlalu
jauh dari inti sehingga ada efek tarik-menarik<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Antara inti dan
elektron terdapat penghalang<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Bagian terkecil dari suatu unsur yang tidak
bisa di bagi lagi disebut …<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Atom d.
Proton<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Electron e.
Inti atom<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Neutron<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Partikel penyusun inti atom adalah ... .<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Proton d.
Proton dan neutron<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Neutron e.
Proton electron dan neutron<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Neutron
dan electron<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kelemahan model atom Rutherford adalah ....<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->atom-atom
unsur adalah identic<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->belum dapat menentukan bahwa inti atom
bermuatan positif<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->belum
dapat menentukan bahwa proton bermuatan positif<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->tidak
dapat menjelaskan alasan elektron tidak jatuh ke inti<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->tidak
dapat menjelaskan atom merupakan bola pejal<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Suatu atom yang memiliki 3 kulit electron dan
mempunyai 5 elektron valensi, maka atom tersebut terletak pada golongan …..<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->IA d.
VIA<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->IIA e.
VB<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->VA<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Jumlah maksimum elektron pada kulit N adalah
... .<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->18 d.
32<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->20 e.
50<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->30<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Salah satu isotop rubidium mempunyai nomor
atom 37 dan nomor massa 85. Atom tersebut mengandung ....<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
a. 48 proton, 37 netron, dan 48 elektron<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
b. 37 proton, 37 netron, dan 48 elektron<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
c. 37 proton, 48 netron, dan 37 elektron<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
d. 37 proton, 85 netron, dan 37 elektron<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
e. 48 proton, 37 elektron, dan 37 netron</div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Unsur <sub>13</sub><sup>27</sup>Al dalam
system periodeik terletak pada ….<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Golongan
VIB, periode 4<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Golongan
VIA, periode 4<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Golongan
IIIA, periode 3<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Golongan
IIIB, periode 3<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Golongan
IIIA, periode 4<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Diantara unsur berikut <sub>11</sub>Na, <sub>12</sub>Mg,
<sub>13</sub>Al, <sub>19</sub>K dan <sub>20 </sub>Ca yang sidat logamnya paling
kuat adalah …<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Na d.
K<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mg e.
Ca<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Al<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Dalam periode yang sama, bila dibandingkan
unsur golongan (II A)alkali tanah, maka golongan alkali (IA) mempunyai
sifat-sifat<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Energi
ionisasinya lebih besar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Afinitas elektronnya
lebih besar<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Jari-jari
atomnya lebih panjang<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Keelektonegatifannya
lebih besar<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kurang
reaktif<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Atom <sup>24</sup><sub>11</sub>Na berisotop
dengan <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><sup>24</sup><sub>12</sub>Mg d.
<sup>28</sup><sub>14</sub>Si<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><sup>23</sup><sub>11</sub>Na e.
<sup>27</sup><sub>14</sub>Si<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><sup>27</sup><sub>13</sub>Al<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->15.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Menurut Mendeleev sifat fisik dan kimia
unsur-unsur merupakan fungsi periodic dari ..<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Massa atomnya d.
Jumlah elektronnya<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Nomor atomnya e.
Jumlah neutronnya<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Jumlah protonnya<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->16.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->System periodeik modern yang diusulkan oleh
Moseley dan Lothar Meyer disusun berdasarkan<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sifat
kimia unsur<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sifat
fisik unsur<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Konfigurasi
electron unsur<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Massa atom
unsur<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Nomor atom
dan sifat-sifat unsur<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->17.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Hal yang menjadi perbedaan utama system
periodek unsur Mendeleev dengan system periodic unsur modern adalah ….<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Bentuk
system periodic<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Jumlah
unsur dalam setiap golongan<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Dasar yang
digunakan dalam penyusunan<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kepriodikan
sifat unsur<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Adanya
ramalan tentang unsur baru <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->18.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ikatan yang
terjadi karena adanya gaya Tarik menari antara ion positif dan ion negative
disebut..<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ikatan ion<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ikatan kovalen<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ikatan kovalen
koordinasi<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ikatan logam<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ikatan kimia<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->19.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Berikut ini yang
merupakan konfigurasi elektron gas mulia adalah ....<o:p></o:p></div>
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a.
2 . 2 d. 2 . 8 . 6<o:p></o:p></div>
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b.
2 . 8 . 8
e. 2 . 8 . 8 . 4<o:p></o:p></div>
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c.
2 . 8 . 8 . 2<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->20.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Unsur yang
terletak pada golongan IVA periode 3 mempunyai konfigurasu electron <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->2 4 d.
2 8 18 3<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->2 8 4 e.
2 8 18 4<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->2 8 8 4<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->21.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Diketahui
nomor atom Fe = 26, maka konfigurasi elektron ion Fe3+ adalah ....<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
a. 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>,4<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
3<i>d</i><sup>9</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
b. 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>,4<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
3<i>d</i><sup>10</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
c. 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>,4<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
3<i>d</i><sup>3</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
d. 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>,4<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
3<i>d</i><sup>4</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
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e. 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>,
3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>d</i><sup>5</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
22. Suatu atom unsur X mempunyai
susunan elektron: 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>,
3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>d</i><sup>5</sup>, 4<i>s</i><sup>1</sup>.
Unsur tersebut adalah … .<o:p></o:p></div>
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a. logam
alkali<o:p></o:p></div>
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b. unsur
halogen<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
c. unsur
golongan IB<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
d. unsur
transisi<o:p></o:p></div>
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e. salah satu unsur lantanida<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
23. Ion
M3+ mempunyai konfigurasi elektron: 1<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 2<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>,
2<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>, 3<i>p</i><sup>6</sup>, 3<i>d</i><sup>5</sup>.
<sup> </sup>Pernyataan yang <b><i>tidak </i></b>benar
mengenai unsur M adalah … .<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
a.
mempunyai nomor atom 26<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
b.
terletak pada periode 4<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
c.
termasuk unsur transisi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
d.
merupakan anggota golongan VIIIB<o:p></o:p></div>
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e. mengandung lima elektron tidak berpasangan<o:p></o:p></div>
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24. Unsur fosforus (Z = 15) dan unsur
vanadium (Z = 23) mempunyai kesamaan dalam hal … .<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
a. nomor
periode<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
b. nomor
golongan<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
c.
bilangan oksidasi paling rendah<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
d.
subkulit terakhir yang diisi oleh elektron<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
e. jumlah elektron yang tidak berpasangan<o:p></o:p></div>
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25. Molekul <i>X</i>Cl3 mempunyai
momen dipol sama dengan nol. Bentuk molekul itu adalah … .<o:p></o:p></div>
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a. linear<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
b.
segitiga planar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
c.
tetrahedral<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
d.
piramida trigonal<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
e. segi empat datar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
26. Bentuk molekul IF3 adalah … .<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
a.
segitiga planar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
b.
piramida trigonal<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
c. planar
bentuk T<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
d.
tetrahedral<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
e. segi empat planar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
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<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0">
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1">
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1">
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<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0">
</v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_s1027" style="height: 25.5pt; margin-left: 19.5pt; margin-top: 19.4pt; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-relative: page; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-relative: page; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 226.5pt; z-index: 251662336;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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<w:wrap type="topAndBottom">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape></o:wrapblock><br clear="ALL" />
27.
Konfigurasi elektron unsur X sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
Unsur X
terletak pada ….<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
a. periode
3, golongan 2 d.
periode 4, golongan 2<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
b. periode
3, golongan 3 e.
periode 4, golongan 3<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
c. periode 4, golongan 1<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:wrapblock><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 51.75pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 23.7pt; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-relative: page; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-relative: page; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 266.25pt; z-index: 251663360;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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<w:wrap type="topAndBottom">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape></o:wrapblock><br clear="ALL" />
28.
Data pengisian elektron dalam orbital sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
Pengisian
elektron yang tidak mengikuti aturan <i>aufbau </i>dan <i>Hund </i>adalah……<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
a. 1 dan 2
d.
1 dan 4<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
b. 2 dan 3
e.
2 dan 4<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
c. 3 dan 4<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
29 Unsur X bernomor atom 8, maka harga
keempat bilangan kuantum adalah…<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
a. <i>n </i>=2;
<i>l </i>= 0; <i>m </i>= 0; <i>s </i>= - ½ d.
<i>n </i>=2; <i>l </i>= 1; <i>m </i>= -1; <i>s </i>= + ½<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
b <i>n </i>=2;
<i>l </i>= 1; <i>m </i>= 1; <i>s </i>= + ½ e.
<i>n </i>=2; <i>l </i>= 1; <i>m </i>= -1; <i>s </i>= - ½<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
c. <i>n </i>=2 ; <i>l </i>= 1; <i>m </i>= 0; <i>s </i>= - ½<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">30 Di antara unsur 12P,
16Q, 17R, 23S, dan 53T yang terletak pada golongan dan periode yang sama adalah
. . . .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a.
P dan R d.
S dan T<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b.
Q dan S e.
R dan T<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. P dan Q</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-76854679155576686642014-11-14T08:17:00.001+08:002014-11-14T08:17:42.759+08:00 Peran dan kedudukan olahraga dalam pengembangan nilai sosial<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ada beberapa pembahasan
yang berkaitan dengan olahraga dan pengembangan nilai-nilai sosial
kemasyarakatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pembahasan tersebut antara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Olahraga dan perubahan paradikma hidup manusia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dalam rentang sejarah
manusia sampai saat ini, aktivitas olahraga dan bermain selalu berhubungan
secara integral dengan aspek sosial, politik dan ekonomi. Dinegara yunani
misalnya pemain yang konteks olahraga didasarkan pada kepercayaan mitologi dan
agama. Mereka memfokuskan pada minat para remaja pria dan kalangan masyarakat
terpandang. Sementara itu produknya berimplikasi terhadap dunia politik diluar
peristiwa tersebut. Umumnya para atlit direkkrut dari masyarakat dari lapisan
bawan dan dibayar atau diikutsertakaannya. Proses profesionalisme semacam ini
terus berkembang hingga diresmikan
asosiasi olahraga profesional pada tahun 1990. Seperti kita ketahui
peristiwa-perstiwa keolahragaan bagi masyarakat romawi lebih menekankan hiburan
pada masyarakatnya. Peristiwa olahraga yang digelar didesain untuk upacara dan
persembahan bagi para pemimpin politik dan juga untuk menentramkan para pegawai
dilingkungan pemerintah. Untuk itu para atlit yang direkrut untuk peristiwa
olahraga seringkali dipaksa untuk bertempur habis-habisan dalam menghadapi
lawannya yang terkadang lawannya itu adalah binatang buas. Tipe olahraga
semacam ini berkembang cukup lama dikerajaan Romawi. Kondisi ini berbeda dengan
aktivitas olahraga di Eropa. Selama abad pertengahan direflesikan pada jenis
kelamin dan perbedaan status dalam masyarakat. Keterlibatan mereka dalam
aktivitas olahraga mengacu pada perwujudan diri sebagai satria. Bagi kalangan
atas atau orang-orang terhormat permainan dan aktivitas olahraga telah
berkembang menjadi aktivitas diwaktu senggang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Lain halnya selama awal
revolusi industri ruang untuk bermain yang secara umum telah membatasi
keterlibatan aktivitas olahraga yang hanya dapat dilakukan oleh orang-orang
kaya mulai bergeser keolahraga prestasi. Pola semacam ini mulai berubah di
Amerika Serikat selam pertengahan abad 19, dan dalam perkembangan lebih jauh,
mulai diorganisasikannya dalam bentuk cabang-cabang olahraga yang mengarah pada
olahraga prestasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Uraian singkat tersebut,
menegaskan bahwa aktivitas olahraga telah memberi pengaruh pada kehidupan
manusia baik kehidupan agama, mengisi waktu luang (rekreasi), patriotisme, dan
prestasi. Bahkan dalam perkembangannya sampai sekarang di negara-negara maju
khususnya Amerika Serikat olahraga telah menjadi sebuah kegiatan kombinasi
antara bisnis, hiburan, pendidikan latihan moral, transper teknologi
keperkasaan dan deklarasi politik. Namun demikian olahraga juga menjadi konteks
dimana orang mencari tantangan dan mencari variasi hidup. Segala sesuatu telah
menjadikan olahraga sebagai bagian penting dalam penomena sosial dimasa lalu,
masa kini dan masa yang akan datang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Antara golongan dan mobiltas sosial<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Hubungan antara
golangan dan olahraga tidak bisa dipisahkan satu sama lain. Oleh karena itu,
olahraga tidak dapat eksis jika orang tidak punya waktu, uang, fasilitas, dan
pengalaman organisasi. Orang punya uang dan kekuasaan dapat mengorganisasi
olahraga karena olahraga memerlukan dukungan ekonomi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pola keikutsertaan
dalam olahraga dimasyarakat mereflesikan dinamika hubungan antara kelompok.
Sejau ini mereka sering mengkondinasikan dengan hubungannya antara jenis
kelamin guna menciptakan kondisi. Hubungan antara golongan juga cukup berarti
dalam mensponsori dan mempromosikan olahraga pada tingkat sekolah menengah.
Krisis anggaran dalam penyelenggaraan olahraga disekolah telah bisa diatasi
melalui pencarian sponsor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peluang karir dalam
olahrga cukup eksis, tetapi jumlah atlet terbatas dan waktunya singkat. Peluang
lain termasuk dalam hal kepelatihan kesehatan olahraga pelatihan dan manejemen.
Peluang untuk menjadi atlet profesional sangan terbatas bagi wanita dan
kelompok minoritas, seperti kulit hitam jumlahnya terbilang sedikit yang merai
populeritas dalam olahraga</span></div>
<a name='more'></a> <o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nila sosial dan olahraga komersial<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Olahraga komersial
adalah jenis olahraga yang pelaksanaan diarahkan pada orientasi ekonomi.
Olahraga komersial ini dibentuk oleh faktor-faktor ekonomi dimana uang menjadi
mengemuka pada saat mereka tampil dipentas, dan tidak jarang hanya demi uang
unsur sportivitas terabaikan. Alangkah baiknya jika uang itu sebagai pemacu
prestasi atlit dan bukan pemicu kebobrakan atliet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sejauh ini olahraga
komersial telah mengglobal dan akan terus berkembang seiring dengan pertumbuhan
ekonomi masyarakat dunia. Olahraga komersial nampak telah menjadi bagian dari
masyarakat masa kini. Perkembangannya dipadukan dengan urbanisasi,
industrialisasi, peningkatan transportasi dan teknologi komunikasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Olahraga komersial
merupakan biasnis unik. Pemilik dan sponsor adalah orang yang sukses dalam
bisnis dimana mereka mampu membayar atlet berikut timnya sementara mereka yang
peroleh adalah kepuasan dan pengakuan publik. Investigasi dalam olahrga sering
kali berisiko tetapi investasi tersebut telah memberikan keuntungan secara
menyakinkan untuk pemilik atau sponsor yang memiliki hak monopoli terhadap
atlit atau tim yang dpegangnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Olahraga komersial
juga telah mengekses pada atlit memasuki panggung hiburan para atlit dapat
menghangtkan suasana ajang pertandingan berkaitan dengan hak-hak dan
penghasilan menjadi penting. Dalam olahraga profesional isu mengenai hak-hak
pemain telah menjadi perhatian utama.hak mereka terangkap gsji pun meningkat.
Gaji mereka akan semaking bertambah dari televisi yang menyiarkan oertandinagn
mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dinamika hubungan
olahraga denga media</span></b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Media merupakan
produk budaya dan wujud dan konstruksi sosial. Media dibuat diorgansasi dan
dikontrol oleh manusia yang ide-idenya didasarkan pada pengalaman perspektif
pada dunia. Olahraga dan media perkembangannya amat bergantung pada yang lain.
Olahraga dan media dapat bertahan tampa yang lain, tetapi olahraga dan media
akan berbeda dari yang ada sekarang. Bentuk-bentuk komersial dari olahraga
tidak akan tersebar luas tampa dukungan media. Tampa tayangan olahraga melalui
media, orang akan sangat kecil memberikan perhatian terhadap olahraga.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Media juga dapat
bertahan tampa olahraga. Tetapi akan terbatas, khususnya surat kabar dan
televisi. Sirkulasi surat kabar mungking akan turun, dan program televisi pada
akhir pekan dan hari libur akan berkurang perhatiannya dari pemersa. Lebih
penting dari pada mencoba untuk menentukan apakah olahraga dan media asing akan
bergantung adalah memahami cara-cara menyatukan olahraga kedalam kehidupan
ummat manusia. Hubungan yang saling menguntungkan antara keduanya. Sejarah di
Amerika Utara memperhatikan bahwa hubungan antara olahraga dan televisi telah
dikembangkan dalam konteks budaya yang lebih luas, keuntungan komersial media
mendapatkan prioritas utama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pengaruh media
olahraga dalam kehidupan kita bergantung kepada beberapa banyak informasi
tentang olahraga yang kita dapatkan melalui media tersebut dan beberapa kita
dapatkan melalui pengalaman langsung. Pengalaman langusung dengan olahraga
mempengaruhi bagaimana kita menginterpretasikan dan menggunakan apa yang kita
baca, dengar, dan lihat dimedia. Untuk kepentingan banyak hal, kiranya perlu
dilakukan penelitian dalam sosiologi olahraga yang mengkaji tentang proses
representasi olahraga yang terjadi melalui media, Dan bagaimana penonton
televisi memamfaatkan pesan pesan kehidupan yang terkandung dalam olahraga
melalui media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Hubungan olahraga dengan politik <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Olahraga merupakan bagian integral
dari dunia sosial. Sebagai bagian dari dunia tersebut, olahraga dipengaruhi
oleh sosial, politik dan ekonomi. Kehidupan ummat manusia dan hubungannya
dengan yang lain setidaknya terkait secara persial dengan isu-isu kekuasaan dan
kontrol. Untuk itu politik menjadi bagian dari olahraga hanya oleh karena
politik merupakan bagian dari kehidupan ummat manusia hal tersebut tidak dapat
dihindarkan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Intervensi
pemerintah dalam olahraga sesungguhnya terkait dengan kebutuhan akan sponsor,
organisasi dan fasilitas. Fakta tersebut menunjukkan bahwa olahraga adalah
bagian penting dari kehidupan masyarakat. Bentuk keterlibatan pemerintah dalam
olahraga adalah ingin merubah masyarakat seperti : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Melindungi dan memelihara masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Mengembangkan
kemampuan fisik dan kebugaran jasmani masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mengangkat harkat dan martabat kelompok masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menanamkan rasa solidaritas antara warga masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Meningkatkan legitimasi sistem politik dan kekuasaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Keterlibatan
pemerintah yang terjadi disebuah negara akan terkait langsung dengan penyediaan
fasilitas dan pemamfaatannya. Biasanya aturan dan kebijakannya ditentukan oleh
pemerintah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Perturan, kebijakan
dan pendanaan oleh pemerintah merefleksikan perjuangan politik antara kelompok
dalam masyarakat. Hal ini tidak dimaksudkan bahwa orang akan selalu untuk saat
pemerintah terlibat, tetapi dimaksudkan untuk saling menguntungkan antara
pemerintah dan masyarakat. Contoh, saat dana diberikan untuk program olahraga
elit, sedikit sekali dana untuk program olahraga massal. Tentu saja, prioritas
dana dapat diperuntukkan bagi olahraga massal dari pada olahraga elit, titik
persoalan tersebut seringkali menjadi bahan perdebatan. Inilah proses politik
yang menjadi bagian tidak terpisahkan dalam dunia olahraga dan seringkali memunculkan
poemik berkepanjangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-92092346034085616042014-11-14T08:16:00.001+08:002014-11-14T08:16:59.823+08:00 Peran dan kedudukan olahraga dalam pengembangan nilai sosial<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ada beberapa pembahasan
yang berkaitan dengan olahraga dan pengembangan nilai-nilai sosial
kemasyarakatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pembahasan tersebut antara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Olahraga dan perubahan paradikma hidup manusia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dalam rentang sejarah
manusia sampai saat ini, aktivitas olahraga dan bermain selalu berhubungan
secara integral dengan aspek sosial, politik dan ekonomi. Dinegara yunani
misalnya pemain yang konteks olahraga didasarkan pada kepercayaan mitologi dan
agama. Mereka memfokuskan pada minat para remaja pria dan kalangan masyarakat
terpandang. Sementara itu produknya berimplikasi terhadap dunia politik diluar
peristiwa tersebut. Umumnya para atlit direkkrut dari masyarakat dari lapisan
bawan dan dibayar atau diikutsertakaannya. Proses profesionalisme semacam ini
terus berkembang hingga diresmikan
asosiasi olahraga profesional pada tahun 1990. Seperti kita ketahui
peristiwa-perstiwa keolahragaan bagi masyarakat romawi lebih menekankan hiburan
pada masyarakatnya. Peristiwa olahraga yang digelar didesain untuk upacara dan
persembahan bagi para pemimpin politik dan juga untuk menentramkan para pegawai
dilingkungan pemerintah. Untuk itu para atlit yang direkrut untuk peristiwa
olahraga seringkali dipaksa untuk bertempur habis-habisan dalam menghadapi
lawannya yang terkadang lawannya itu adalah binatang buas. Tipe olahraga
semacam ini berkembang cukup lama dikerajaan Romawi. Kondisi ini berbeda dengan
aktivitas olahraga di Eropa. Selama abad pertengahan direflesikan pada jenis
kelamin dan perbedaan status dalam masyarakat. Keterlibatan mereka dalam
aktivitas olahraga mengacu pada perwujudan diri sebagai satria. Bagi kalangan
atas atau orang-orang terhormat permainan dan aktivitas olahraga telah
berkembang menjadi aktivitas diwaktu senggang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Lain halnya selama awal
revolusi industri ruang untuk bermain yang secara umum telah membatasi
keterlibatan aktivitas olahraga yang hanya dapat dilakukan oleh orang-orang
kaya mulai bergeser keolahraga prestasi. Pola semacam ini mulai berubah di
Amerika Serikat selam pertengahan abad 19, dan dalam perkembangan lebih jauh,
mulai diorganisasikannya dalam bentuk cabang-cabang olahraga yang mengarah pada
olahraga prestasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Uraian singkat tersebut,
menegaskan bahwa aktivitas olahraga telah memberi pengaruh pada kehidupan
manusia baik kehidupan agama, mengisi waktu luang (rekreasi), patriotisme, dan
prestasi. Bahkan dalam perkembangannya sampai sekarang di negara-negara maju
khususnya Amerika Serikat olahraga telah menjadi sebuah kegiatan kombinasi
antara bisnis, hiburan, pendidikan latihan moral, transper teknologi
keperkasaan dan deklarasi politik. Namun demikian olahraga juga menjadi konteks
dimana orang mencari tantangan dan mencari variasi hidup. Segala sesuatu telah
menjadikan olahraga sebagai bagian penting dalam penomena sosial dimasa lalu,
masa kini dan masa yang akan datang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Antara golongan dan mobiltas sosial<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Hubungan antara
golangan dan olahraga tidak bisa dipisahkan satu sama lain. Oleh karena itu,
olahraga tidak dapat eksis jika orang tidak punya waktu, uang, fasilitas, dan
pengalaman organisasi. Orang punya uang dan kekuasaan dapat mengorganisasi
olahraga karena olahraga memerlukan dukungan ekonomi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pola keikutsertaan
dalam olahraga dimasyarakat mereflesikan dinamika hubungan antara kelompok.
Sejau ini mereka sering mengkondinasikan dengan hubungannya antara jenis
kelamin guna menciptakan kondisi. Hubungan antara golongan juga cukup berarti
dalam mensponsori dan mempromosikan olahraga pada tingkat sekolah menengah.
Krisis anggaran dalam penyelenggaraan olahraga disekolah telah bisa diatasi
melalui pencarian sponsor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peluang karir dalam
olahrga cukup eksis, tetapi jumlah atlet terbatas dan waktunya singkat. Peluang
lain termasuk dalam hal kepelatihan kesehatan olahraga pelatihan dan manejemen.
Peluang untuk menjadi atlet profesional sangan terbatas bagi wanita dan
kelompok minoritas, seperti kulit hitam jumlahnya terbilang sedikit yang merai
populeritas dalam olahraga</span></div>
<a name='more'></a> <o:p></o:p><br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nila sosial dan olahraga komersial<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Olahraga komersial
adalah jenis olahraga yang pelaksanaan diarahkan pada orientasi ekonomi.
Olahraga komersial ini dibentuk oleh faktor-faktor ekonomi dimana uang menjadi
mengemuka pada saat mereka tampil dipentas, dan tidak jarang hanya demi uang
unsur sportivitas terabaikan. Alangkah baiknya jika uang itu sebagai pemacu
prestasi atlit dan bukan pemicu kebobrakan atliet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sejauh ini olahraga
komersial telah mengglobal dan akan terus berkembang seiring dengan pertumbuhan
ekonomi masyarakat dunia. Olahraga komersial nampak telah menjadi bagian dari
masyarakat masa kini. Perkembangannya dipadukan dengan urbanisasi,
industrialisasi, peningkatan transportasi dan teknologi komunikasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Olahraga komersial
merupakan biasnis unik. Pemilik dan sponsor adalah orang yang sukses dalam
bisnis dimana mereka mampu membayar atlet berikut timnya sementara mereka yang
peroleh adalah kepuasan dan pengakuan publik. Investigasi dalam olahrga sering
kali berisiko tetapi investasi tersebut telah memberikan keuntungan secara
menyakinkan untuk pemilik atau sponsor yang memiliki hak monopoli terhadap
atlit atau tim yang dpegangnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Olahraga komersial
juga telah mengekses pada atlit memasuki panggung hiburan para atlit dapat
menghangtkan suasana ajang pertandingan berkaitan dengan hak-hak dan
penghasilan menjadi penting. Dalam olahraga profesional isu mengenai hak-hak
pemain telah menjadi perhatian utama.hak mereka terangkap gsji pun meningkat.
Gaji mereka akan semaking bertambah dari televisi yang menyiarkan oertandinagn
mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dinamika hubungan
olahraga denga media</span></b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Media merupakan
produk budaya dan wujud dan konstruksi sosial. Media dibuat diorgansasi dan
dikontrol oleh manusia yang ide-idenya didasarkan pada pengalaman perspektif
pada dunia. Olahraga dan media perkembangannya amat bergantung pada yang lain.
Olahraga dan media dapat bertahan tampa yang lain, tetapi olahraga dan media
akan berbeda dari yang ada sekarang. Bentuk-bentuk komersial dari olahraga
tidak akan tersebar luas tampa dukungan media. Tampa tayangan olahraga melalui
media, orang akan sangat kecil memberikan perhatian terhadap olahraga.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Media juga dapat
bertahan tampa olahraga. Tetapi akan terbatas, khususnya surat kabar dan
televisi. Sirkulasi surat kabar mungking akan turun, dan program televisi pada
akhir pekan dan hari libur akan berkurang perhatiannya dari pemersa. Lebih
penting dari pada mencoba untuk menentukan apakah olahraga dan media asing akan
bergantung adalah memahami cara-cara menyatukan olahraga kedalam kehidupan
ummat manusia. Hubungan yang saling menguntungkan antara keduanya. Sejarah di
Amerika Utara memperhatikan bahwa hubungan antara olahraga dan televisi telah
dikembangkan dalam konteks budaya yang lebih luas, keuntungan komersial media
mendapatkan prioritas utama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pengaruh media
olahraga dalam kehidupan kita bergantung kepada beberapa banyak informasi
tentang olahraga yang kita dapatkan melalui media tersebut dan beberapa kita
dapatkan melalui pengalaman langsung. Pengalaman langusung dengan olahraga
mempengaruhi bagaimana kita menginterpretasikan dan menggunakan apa yang kita
baca, dengar, dan lihat dimedia. Untuk kepentingan banyak hal, kiranya perlu
dilakukan penelitian dalam sosiologi olahraga yang mengkaji tentang proses
representasi olahraga yang terjadi melalui media, Dan bagaimana penonton
televisi memamfaatkan pesan pesan kehidupan yang terkandung dalam olahraga
melalui media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Hubungan olahraga dengan politik <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Olahraga merupakan bagian integral
dari dunia sosial. Sebagai bagian dari dunia tersebut, olahraga dipengaruhi
oleh sosial, politik dan ekonomi. Kehidupan ummat manusia dan hubungannya
dengan yang lain setidaknya terkait secara persial dengan isu-isu kekuasaan dan
kontrol. Untuk itu politik menjadi bagian dari olahraga hanya oleh karena
politik merupakan bagian dari kehidupan ummat manusia hal tersebut tidak dapat
dihindarkan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Intervensi
pemerintah dalam olahraga sesungguhnya terkait dengan kebutuhan akan sponsor,
organisasi dan fasilitas. Fakta tersebut menunjukkan bahwa olahraga adalah
bagian penting dari kehidupan masyarakat. Bentuk keterlibatan pemerintah dalam
olahraga adalah ingin merubah masyarakat seperti : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Melindungi dan memelihara masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Mengembangkan
kemampuan fisik dan kebugaran jasmani masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mengangkat harkat dan martabat kelompok masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menanamkan rasa solidaritas antara warga masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 88.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Meningkatkan legitimasi sistem politik dan kekuasaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Keterlibatan
pemerintah yang terjadi disebuah negara akan terkait langsung dengan penyediaan
fasilitas dan pemamfaatannya. Biasanya aturan dan kebijakannya ditentukan oleh
pemerintah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Perturan, kebijakan
dan pendanaan oleh pemerintah merefleksikan perjuangan politik antara kelompok
dalam masyarakat. Hal ini tidak dimaksudkan bahwa orang akan selalu untuk saat
pemerintah terlibat, tetapi dimaksudkan untuk saling menguntungkan antara
pemerintah dan masyarakat. Contoh, saat dana diberikan untuk program olahraga
elit, sedikit sekali dana untuk program olahraga massal. Tentu saja, prioritas
dana dapat diperuntukkan bagi olahraga massal dari pada olahraga elit, titik
persoalan tersebut seringkali menjadi bahan perdebatan. Inilah proses politik
yang menjadi bagian tidak terpisahkan dalam dunia olahraga dan seringkali memunculkan
poemik berkepanjangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-44049324291285167962014-11-14T07:28:00.001+08:002014-11-14T07:28:25.803+08:00KRIPTON<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong><span lang="SV" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Sejarah</span></strong><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.1pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Ditemukan pada tahun 1898 oleh Ramsay dan Travers dalam residu yang tersisa
setelah udara cair hampir menguap semua. Pada tahun 1960, disetujui secara
internasional bahwa satuan dasar panjang, meter, harus didefinisikan sebagai
garis spektrum merah oranye dari<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">86</span></sup>Kr. Hal ini
untuk menggantikan standar meter di Paris, yang semula didefinisikan sebagai
batangan alloy platina-iridium. Pada bulan Oktober 1983, satuan meter, yang
semula diartikan sebagai satu per sepuluh juta dari kuadrat keliling
kutub bumi, akhirnya didefinisi ulang oleh lembaga International bureau of
Weights and Measures, sebagai panjang yang dilalui cahaya dalam kondisi vakum
selama interval waktu 1/299,792,458 detik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong><span lang="SV" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Sumber</span></strong><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Kripton terdapat di udara dengan kadar 1 ppm. Atmosfer Mars diketahui
mengandung 0.3 ppm kripton. Kripton padat adalah zat kristal berwarna putih
dengan struktur kubus pusat muka yang merupakan sifat umum pada semua gas
mulia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong><span lang="SV" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Sifat-sifat</span></strong><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Kripton tergolong gas mulia. Memiliki garis spektrum berwarna hijau terang
dan oranye.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; border-bottom: dotted #DDDDDD 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #DDDDDD .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 2.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Simbol: Kr<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Radius Atom: 1.03 Å<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Volume Atom: 32.2 cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3</span></sup>/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place w:st="on">Massa</st1:place>
Atom: 83.8<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Titik Didih: 120.85 K<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Radius Kovalensi: 1.89 Å<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Struktur Kristal: fcc<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place w:st="on">Massa</st1:place>
Jenis: 3.75 g/cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV">Konduktivitas
Listrik: x 10<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">6</span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ohm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Elektronegativitas: n/a<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Konfigurasi Elektron: [Ar]3d10 4s2p6<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Formasi Entalpi: 1.638 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Konduktivitas Panas: 0.00949 Wm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>K<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Potensial Ionisasi: 13.999 V<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Titik Lebur: 116 K<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Bilangan Oksidasi: 0,2<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Kapasitas Panas: 0.248 Jg<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>K<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Entalpi Penguapan: 9.029 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong><span lang="SV" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Isotop</span></strong><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.1pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Di alam, kripton memiliki enam isotop stabil. Dikenali juga 1 isotop
lainnya yang tidak stabil. Garis spektrum kripton dapat dihasilkan dengan mudah
dan beberapa di antaranya sangat tajam untuk bisa dibedakan. Awalnya kripton
diduga tidak tidak bersenyawa dengan unsur lainnya, tapi sekarang sudah
ditemukan beberapa senyawa kripton. Kripton difluorida sudah pernah dibuat
dalam ukuran gram dan sekarang sudah dapat dibuat dengan beberapa metode.
Senyawa fluorida lainnya dan garam dari asam oksi kripton pun telah dilaporkan.
Ion molekul dari ArK<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></sup>dan
KrH<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>telah
diidentifikasi dan diinvestigasi, demikian juga KrXe dan KrXe<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>pun
telah memiliki beberapa bukti.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong><span lang="SV" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Kegunaan</span></strong><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Kripton klatrat dibuat dengan menggunakan hidrokuinon dan fenol. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">85</span></sup>Kr dapat
digunakan untuk analisis kimia dengan menanamkan isotop kripton dalam beragam
zat padat. Selama proses ini, terbentuk kriptonate. Aktivitas kriptonate sangat
sensitif dalam reaksi kimia dalam bentuk larutan. Karenanya, konsentrasi
reaktan pun jadi dapat ditetapkan. Kripton digunakan sebagai lampu kilat
fotografi tertentu untuk fotografi berkecepatan tinggi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<h1 style="line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -1.5pt;"> </span></h1>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-353950926051239872014-11-14T07:09:00.001+08:002014-11-14T07:26:49.041+08:00ARGON<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Sejarah</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
Keberadaan argon di udara sudah
diduga oleh Cavendish pada tahun 1785, dan ditemukan oleh Lord <st1:city w:st="on">Raleigh</st1:city> dan Sir William Ramsay pada tahun
1894.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="SV">Sumber</span></strong><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Argon dihasilkan dari penyulingan
bertingkat udara cair karena atmosfer mengandung 0.94% Argon. Atmosfer Mars
mengandung 1.6% isotop Argon 40 dan sebesar 5 ppm untuk isotop Argon 36.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="IT">Isotop</span></strong><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span lang="ES">Secara
alami, Argon merupakan campuran dari 3 isotop. </span><span lang="SV">Diketahui 12 isotop lainnya yang bersifat
radioaktif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="SV">Sifat-sifat
</span></strong><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Argon larut dalam air, 2.5 kali lipat daripada nitrogen, dan memiliki
kelarutan yang sama dengan oksigen. Argon tidak berwarna dan tidak
berbau, baik dalam bentuk gas dan cair. Argon dikenal sebagai gas inert dan
tidak diketahui senyawa kimia yang dibentuknya seperti halnya krypton, xenon dan
radon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="SV">Sifat Fisika<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background: white; border-bottom: dotted #DDDDDD 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #DDDDDD .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 2.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Simbol: Ar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Radius Atom: 0.88 Å<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Volume Atom: 24.2 cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3</span></sup>/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:city w:st="on">Massa</st1:city>
Atom: 39.948<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Titik Didih: 87.45 K<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Radius Kovalensi: 0.98 Å<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Struktur Kristal: fcc<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:city w:st="on">Massa</st1:city>
Jenis: 1.784 g/cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV">Konduktivitas
Listrik: x 10<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">6</span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ohm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Elektronegativitas: n/a<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Konfigurasi Elektron: [Ne]3s2p6<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Formasi Entalpi: 1.188 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Konduktivitas Panas: 0.0177 Wm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>K<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Potensial Ionisasi: 15.759 V<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Titik Lebur: 83.95 K<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Bilangan Oksidasi: n/a<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Kapasitas Panas: 0.52 Jg<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>K<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Entalpi Penguapan: 6.506 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="SV">Kegunaan</span></strong><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.1pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Digunakan dalam bola lampu pijar listrik dan tabung fluoresen pada tekanan
sekitar 400 Pa, tabung pengisian cahaya , tabung kilau dan lain-lain. Argon
juga digunakan sebagai gas inert yang melindungi dari bunga api listrik dalam
proses pengelasan, produksi titanium dan unsur reaktif lainya, dan juga sebagai
lapisan pelindung dalam pembuatan kristal silikon dan germanium.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-25102552388931521352014-11-14T06:22:00.000+08:002014-11-14T06:22:00.624+08:00 PENGERTIAN UNSUR DAN SENYAWA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">adalah zat murni yang dapat
diuraikan lagi menjadi zat lain yang lebih sederhana dengan reaksi kimia biasa.
Penulisan lambang unsur mengikuti aturan sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lambang
unsur diambil dari singkatan nama unsur. Beberapa lambang unsur berasal
dari bahasa Latin atau Yunani nama unsur tersebut. Misalnya <i>Fe </i>dari
kata<i> ferrum </i>(bahasa latin) sebagai lambang unsur <i>besi</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lambang
unsur ditulis dengan satu huruf kapital.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk
Unsur yang dilambangkan dengan lebih dengan satu huruf, huruf pertama
lambang ditulis dengan huruf kapital dan huruf kedua/ketiga ditulis dengan
huruf kecil.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur-unsur
yang memiliki nama dengan huruf pertama sama maka huruf pertama lambang
unsur diambil dari huruf pertama nama unsur dan huruf kedua diambil dari
huruf lain yang terdapat pada nama unsur tersebut. Misalnya, <i>Ra</i>
untuk <i>radium</i> dan<i> Rn</i> untuk <i>radon</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada suhu kamar (25 C) unsur dapat
berwujud <b>Padat, Cair,dan Gas,</b> secara umum unsur terbagi menjadi dua
kelompok yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur
Logam</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:
umumnya unsur logam diberi nama akhiran ium. Umumnya logam ini memiliki
titik didih tinggi, mengilap, dapat dibengkokan , dan dapt
menghantarkan panas atau arus listrik.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur
Non Logam</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:
umumnya memiliki titik didih rendah, tidak mengkilap,kadang-kadang rapuh
tak dapat dibengkokkan dan sukar menghantarkan panas atau arus listrik.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senyawa</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah zat yang terbentuk dari
penggabungan unsur-unsur dengan pembagian tertentu. Senyawa dihasilkan dari
reaksi kimia antara dua unsur atau lebih melalui reaksi pembentukan. Misalnya,
karat besi (hematit) berupa Fe2O3 dihasilkan oleh reaksi besi (Fe) dengan
oksigen (O). Senyawa dapat diuraikan menjadi unsur-unsur pembentuknya melalui
reaksi penguraian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .75in;">
Senyawa mempunyai sifat yang berbeda dengan unsur-unsur pembentuknya.
Senyawa hanya dapt diuraikan menjadi unsur-unsur pembentuknya melalui reaksi
kimia. Pada kondisi yang sama, senyawa dapat memiliki wujud berbeda dengan
unsur-unsur pembentuknya. Sifat fisika dan kimia senyawa berbeda dengan
unsur-unsur pembentuknya. Misalnya reaksi antara gas hidrogen dan gas oksigen
membentuk senyawa air yang berwujud cair.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-10072535666979816162014-11-14T06:19:00.005+08:002014-11-14T06:19:42.167+08:00KEGUNAAN UNSUR DAN SENYAWA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 396.9pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63pt;">Unsur-unsur
utama dalam bentuk unsur atau senyawa memiliki banyak kegunaan dalam kehidupan
kita sehari-hari. Mari kita pelajari kegunaan beberapa unsur dan senyawa dari
unsur golongan utama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63.0pt;">
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Golongan
Alkali<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.
Unsur Natrium<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Natrium memiliki kemampuan daya
gabung terhadap oksigen besar, sehingga sangat mudah terbakar di udara. Oleh
karena itu, Na disimpan dalam minyak tanah atau dalam parafin cair. Natrium
terbakar dengan nyala kuning. Natrium banyak digunakan untuk pembuatan
lampu-lampu natrium dan pembuatan senyawa-senyawa organik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.
Senyawa Natrium Hidroksida<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Natrium hidroksida (NaOH), disebut
juga soda api atau soda kaustik. NaOH adalah suatu basa yang sangat kuat; larut
dengan baik dalam air dengan menimbulkan kalor (larutannya dinamakan <i>lindi
natron</i>); mengikat CO2 dari udara dan berubah menjadi Na2CO3. Soda api
digunakan dalam membuat “sabun keras”, membersihkan minyak tanah, dan dalam
industri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.
Senyawa Natrium Klorida<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Natrium klorida (NaCl) penting
sebagai bahan makanan, dan pengawet sayur, daging, telur, dan ikan. Penambahan
NaCl dalam air es digunakan sebagai pendingin dalam pembuatan bermacam-macam
es, misal es puter, es lilin, dan es krim. Dalam industri, NaCl digunakan
sebagai sumber unsur Na dan Cl, dan sebagai bahan pembuatan senyawan-senyawa
lain yang mengandung Na atau Cl, seperti asam klorida, dan soda. NaCl dalam
industri keramik dipakai sebagai campuran bahan glasir.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.
Senyawa Natrium Karbonat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Natrium karbonat (soda) mudah larut
dalam air, dan larutannya bersifat basa. Berdasarkan sifat inilah maka soda
digunakan sebagai zat pencuci. Soda digunakan dalam perusahaan pencucian untuk
menghilangkan noda minyak. Soda juga dipakai dalam industri kaca, dan untuk
melunakkan air sadah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.
Senyawa Natrium Hidrogen Karbonat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Natrium hidrogen karbonat dipakai
dalam alat pemadam api. Alat ini diisi dengan larutan NaHCO3 dicampur dengan
saponin, suatu zat dapat berbuih. Fungsi lain NaHCO3 adalah untuk menghilangkan
bau tengik dari mentega; mengembangkan kue; menghilangkan lemak dan lilin dalam
pencucian bulu domba; serta menghilangkan gom dari sutra.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f.
Senyawa Natrium Nitrat atau Sendawa
Chili<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Natrium nitrat dipakai sebagai pupuk
buatan dan pembuatan asam sendawa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">g.
Senyawa Kalium Nitrat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kalium nitrat berupa hablur-hablur
putih, tidak higroskopik. Senyawa ini digunakan sebagai pengawet daging dan
dalam pembuatan mesiu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">h.
Senyawa Kalium Iodida dan Kalium Bromida<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kedua garam tersebut terdapat dalam
jumlah sedikit di alam (dalam air laut). Keduanya dipakai dalam obat-obatan. KI
mempunyai sifat membersihkan darah, sedangkan KBr dapat menenangkan saraf (obat
tidur). KBr juga dipakai dalam pemotretan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i.
Senyawa Kalium Klorat dan Kalium
Hidroksida<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senyawa kalium klorat tidak begitu
mudah larut dalam air, merupakan oksidator kuat, lebih-lebih dengan katalis
MnO2. Kalium klorat dipakai dalam pembuatan korek api, pembuatan petasan, dan
sebagai obat kumur. Adapun kalium hidroksida (KOH) dipakai dalam pembuatan
sabun mandi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">j.
Unsur Litium<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senyawa yang paling penting dari
unsur litium adalah senyawa klorida, sulfat, dan karbonat. Litium karbonat
digunakan dalam pembuatan peralatan gelas dan keramik. Pada kemurnian yang
tinggi senyawa ini digunakan dalam pengobatan pada kerusakan mental tertentu.
Senyawa ini juga berfungsi sebagai bahan dalam pembuatan senyawa litium
lainnya, misal pada pembuatan litium hidroksida.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Golongan Alkali Tanah</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.
Unsur Kalsium<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kalsium adalah logam lunak, berwarna
putih; mudah bereaksi dengan oksigen, tetapi kalsium oksida yang terbentuk
merupakan lapisan yang melindungi logamnya terhadap oksigen lebih lanjut.
Kalsium dicampur dengan litium sebagai pengeras dalam logam yang mengandung
timbal; untuk industri baja Cr- Ni, kalsium dipakai sebagai campuran logam
campur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.
Senyawa Kalsium Sulfat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senyawa kalsium sulfat (CaSO4) di
alam sebagai CaSO4 . 2 H2O yang disebut dengan gips atau albas. Senyawa ini
baik digunakan untuk membuat bermacam-macam barang tuang, sebagai pembalut
gips, dalam industri cat digunakan sebagai cat “putih”, untuk pembuatan kapur
tulis (campuran dari gips, kaolin, asam oleat, dan NaOH). Jika dipanaskan
sampai di atas 200 °C, maka air hablurnya lenyap semua (CaSO4 ? 0 H2O). Jika
dicampur dengan air kembali maka senyawa tersebut tidak dapat mengikat air
lagi. Keadaan demikian dinamakan gips mati.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Semen gips dibuat dari gips yang
dicampur dengan asam fosfat, Na-fosfat, pasir dan dipanaskan sampai +1200 °C.
Hasil ini dicampur lebih lanjut dengan K2SO4 dan ZnSO4, kemudian digiling
halus. Semen gips dicampur dengan air dapat menjadi keras dalam waktu 2 jam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.
Unsur Magnesium<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Magnesium adalah logam ringan
berwarna putih, tetapi dalam udara menjadi putih abu-abu karena terbentuknya
lapisan magnesium oksida yang melindungi logamnya terhadap oksidasi lebih
lanjut. Dalam bentuk pita atau serbuk magnesium mudah terbakar menjadi
magnesium oksida dengan menimbulkan cahaya putih yang menyilaukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Magnesium dalam asam encer membentuk
gas hidrogen. Magnesium dipakai sebagai pengisi <i>lampu Blitzchth </i>(dicampur
dengan logam aluminium). Magnesium banyak digunakan untuk pembuatan logam
campur, dengan sifatsifat tetap ringan, tetapi dengan kekuatan yang berlipat
ganda. Oleh karena itu, magnesium dipakai untuk industri membuat rangka pesawat
terbang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d. Senyawa Magnesium Oksida<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Magnesium Oksida (MgO) berupa zat
padat, berwarna putih, tidak mudah mencair (titik cairnya 2.800 °C), keras dan
tahan api. Oleh karena sifat-sifat ini MgO dipakai sebagai pelapis tanur. Jika
MgO dipijarkan, dicampur dengan larutan MgCl2 yang pekat, membentuk bubur yang
di udara menjadi keras dan mengilap. Campuran tersebut dinamakan semen
magnesium atau semen sorel. Campuran semen magnesium dengan serbuk kayu, serbuk
gabus, gilingan batu, dan sebagainya disebut granit kayu atau ksilolit. Bahan
ini antara lain dipakai untuk membuat lantai yang tidak bersela atau tidak
bersambung dan sebagai bahan gading buatan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.
Senyawa Magnesium Sulfat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Magnesium sulfat (MgSO4) berupa
padatan putih. Contoh garam inggris dengan rumus MgSO4 ? 7 H2O, dipakai dalam
obat-obatan sebagai pencahar (obat urus-urus).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f.
Senyawa Magnesium Hidroksida<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Magnesium Hidroksida (Mg(OH)2)
berupa padatan putih yang sedikit larut dalam air. Bersifat basa. Oleh karena
itu Mg(OH)2 digunakan untuk obat sakit maag.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a name='more'></a><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Golongan IIIA</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.
Unsur Aluminium<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aluminium digunakan untuk membuat
barang-barang keperluan rumah tangga, misal piring, mangkok, dan sendok; untuk
membuat rangka dari mobil dan pesawat terbang; sebagai bahan cat aluminium
(serbuk aluminium dengan minyak cat). Aluminium dapat dicairkan menjadi
lembaran tipis yang dipakai untuk pembungkus cokelat, rokok dan juga sebagai
kaleng minuman bersoda. Daun aluminium atau logam campuran dengan Mg dipakai
sebagai pengisi lamput Blitz, di samping gas oksigen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selanjutnya aluminium dipakai untuk
membuat beberapa macam logam campur, diantaranya yang penting ialah
duraluminium (paduan 94% aluminium dengan Cu, Mn, Mg), yang terutama dipakai
dalam industri pesawat terbang, dan mobil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.
Aluminium Oksida<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aluminium oksida (Al2O3) di alam
tercampur dengan oksida besi dalam bentuk hablur yang disebut amaril. Bahan ini
sangat keras dan dipakai untuk menggosok besi. Hablur Al2O3 (korundum) juga
terdapat dalam bentuk batu permata atau intan berwarna misal mirah berwana
merah (mirah delima), nilam berwarna biru (batu nilam), zamrut berwarna hijau,
ametis berwarna ungu, ratna cempaka berwarna kuning. Batu-batu ini
diperdagangkan dengan nama batu akik, meskipun nama ini tidak tepat karena yang
dimaksudkan dengan akik adalah hablur kwarsa (SiO2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.
Senyawa Asam Borat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asam borat (H3BO3) banyak dipakai
dalam pabrik kaca dan email. Pada penyamakan kulit digunakan untuk mengikat
kapur dalam kulit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.
Garam-Garam Aluminium Silikat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Beberapa garam aluminium silikat
terdapat dalam tanah liat. Tanah liat merupakan bahan dasar dalam pembuatan
keramik. Ultramarin adalah bahan cat biru yang terdiri dari Na-Al-silikat dan
S. Ultramarin dalam alam terdapat dengan nama lazurit, dipakai sebagai bahan
pembiru pakaian, tekstil, kertas, dan gula.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.
Senyawa Natrium Perborat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Natrium perborat NaBO3 ? 4 H2O
dengan air menimbulkan oksigen aktif yang digunakan sebagai pemucat dalam
beberapa macam serbuk sabun.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Silikon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur Silikon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Oleh karena silikon bersifat
semikonduktor sehingga digunakan sebagai bahan baku pada kalkulator, transistor,
komputer, dan baterai <i>solar</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pasir Kwarsa<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Pasir Kwarsa (SiO2) digunakan untuk
pembuatan kaca, gelas, porselin, beton. Selain itu SiO2 digunakan untuk
menggosok batu kaca, logam-logam untuk pembuatan ampelas dan untuk pembuatan
cat tahan udara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaca Cair Natrium<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Kegunaan kaca cair natrium (Na2SiO3)
adalah untuk bahan campuran sabun cuci dan perekat dalam pembuatan karton.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Golongan
VA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur Nitrogen<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Kegunaan nitrogen terutama digunakan dalam
pembuatan gas amonia (NH3) dari udara. Gas nitrogen cair digunakan sebagai
bahan pembeku dalam industri pengolahan makanan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senyawa Amonia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Kegunaan dari amonia adalah pembuatan es,
membuat HNO3, garam-garam amonium, dan sabun amonia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senyawa Asam Nitrat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Asam nitrat digunakan untuk membuat
pupuk-pupuk buatan NH4NO3 dan Ca(NO3)2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur Fosfor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Fosfor kuning digunakan untuk pembuatan
P2O5, yang digunakan untuk mencegah karat dan fosfor merah digunakan untuk
membuat kepala batang korek api. Senyawaan fosfor antara lain asam fosfat yang
dibuat dengan mereaksikan uap fosfor dengan air. Asam fosfat berguna dalam
pembuatan pupuk dan detergen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Golongan VIA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur Belerang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Belerang digunakan sebagai bahan pembuat
asam sulfat, bahan pembuat cat (ultramin, vermilyun, kuning kadmium), pembuat
mesiu, untuk membuat karbon disulfida, dan bahan pembuat ebonit. Belerang juga
dapat dipakai sebagai obat pemberantas jamur dan untuk memasak getah karet dan
getah perca.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senyawa Belerang Dioksida<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kegunaan
belerang dioksida adalah seperti berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bahan pengelantang untuk bulu domba,
sutra, spons, domen, dan gula tebu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebagai bahan untuk membersihkan
botol-botol dan bejana-bejana anggur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebagai bahan untuk memberantas
penyakit pes di darat dan di kapal-kapal laut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Digunakan untuk memurnikan beberapa
jenis minyak tanah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senyawa Asam Sulfat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kegunaan
dari asam sulfat antara lain seperti berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di laboratorium digunakan untuk
pengering dan untuk kimia analisis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam teknik industri digunakan
sebagai bahan pupuk terutama pupuk fosfat; cat dan pigmen terutama dalam
produksi titanium oksida; pembuatan asam (HCl, HNO3, H3PO4).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur Oksigen<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Kegunaan oksigen adalah untuk membantu
pernapasan pasien (dalam kedokteran) dan untuk isi tabung udara yang dibawa
penyelam. Salah satu senyawaan oksigen adalah ozon (O3). Ozon dibuat dari O2
yang dialirkan melalui pesawat pengozon. Di dalam pesawat ini terjadi
letusan-letusan listrik yang menyebabkan O2 berubah menjadi O3. Kegunaan ozon
adalah sebagai pemucat benang dan bahan pemusnah hama air minum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. Golongan VIIA atau Halogen<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur Klor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Klor
digunakan dalam industri kertas dan industri tekstil sebagai pengelantang,
sebagai pemusnah kuman, dan untuk pembuatan kapur klor, brom, dan zat warna
organik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senyawa Asam Klorida<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Asam klorida (HCl) digunakan untuk
membersihkan logamlogam dan untuk membuat garam-garam klorida dan gas klor. HCl
murni yang tidak mengandung air banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan zat warna
organik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Garam Hipoklorit dan Garam Klorat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Garam klorat yang penting adalah kalium
klorat (KClO3) yang digunakan untuk kepala batang korek api, petasan, dan
dipakai sebagai obat kumur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur Brom<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Larutan brom dalam air (<i>aqua bromata</i>)
digunakan sebagai pengoksidasi. Kurang lebih 90% brom dipakai sebagai bahan
membuat garam-garam bromida. AgBr dipergunakan dalam pemotretan. NaBr dan KBr
dipergunakan dalam obat-obatan. Beberapa garam bromida lainnya digunakan dalam
pembuatan zat-zat warna.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur Iod<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Larutan iod dalam alkohol dinamakan
iodtinktur dan digunakan sebagai pemusnah hama. Iod juga mudah larut dalam
karbon disulfida dan kloroform. Iod digunakan dalam obat-obatan sebagai kalium
iodida (KI) dan iodoform (CHI3).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senyawa Asam Fluorida<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Dalam bentuk cair atau gas, HF dapat
memakan kaca yang dinamakan <i>mengets </i>menurut reaksi seperti berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="0" width="92"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
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</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Asam fluorida digunakan untuk pemucatan penjalin. Adapun senyawa-senyawa
organik fluor digunakan untuk pendingin dalam lemari es dan untuk mematikan
kutu-kutu dalam kain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. Golongan VIIIA atau Gas Mulia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Helium (He) sudah dikenal lebih
dahulu daripada gas-gas mulia lainnya. Untuk pertama kali helium ditemukan di
dalam atmosfer matahari. Helium digunakan untuk mengisi balon. Helium memiliki
berat dua kali lebih berat daripada hidrogen, tetapi tidak dapat terbakar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Argon dicampur dengan nitrogen
digunakan sebagai pengisi lampu pijar dan lampu-lampu radio untuk menahan
mengabutnya kawat wolfram dalam lampu itu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Neon (Ne) dipakai sebagai pengisi
lampu-lampu neon yang memberikan cahaya merah. Jika dicampur dengan uap raksa
akan memberikan cahaya putih kebiru-kebiruan jika tabung kacanya tidak
berwarna, atau cahaya hijau jika tabung kacanya berwarna cokelat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kripton (Kr) dan xenon (Xe)
akhir-akir ini diketemukan bahwa xenon bersifat anestesi. Oleh karena sifat ini
maka xenon digunakan untuk membius pasien-pasien dalam operasi besar. Akan
tetapi pemakaian ini masih terlalu mahal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: dotted 396.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 396.9pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">DAMPAK NEGATIF UNSUR DAN SENYAWA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .75in;">
Selain bermanfaat ternyata unsur-unsur yang telah kita pelajari mempunyai
dampak negatif. Adapun dampak negatifnya adalah seperti berikut.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<strong>1.
Karbon</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Dampak
negatif karbon adalah pada senyawa karbon yaitu:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Karbon dioksida (CO2) Karbon dioksida terjadi karena
pemakaian bahan bakar dari fosil. Adanya pembakaran ini menyebabkan
terjadinya efek rumah kaca.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><em>Cloro Fluoro Carbon </em>(CFC) CFC berdampak
negatif terhadap penipisan lapisan ozon dan berkontribusi terhadap efek rumah
kaca.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kloroform (CCl4) Kloroform menyebabkan kerusakan hati
dan ginjal, dan bersifat racun bila tertelan.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Karbon disulfida (CS2) Karbon disulfida merupakan
senyawa mudah terbakar dan bersifat meracuni.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Karbon monoksida (CO) Karbon monoksida biasanya
dihasilkan oleh asap kendaraan dan proses industri. Karbon monoksida lebih
mudah mengikat hemoglobin daripada oksigen. Oleh karena itu, darah akan
kekurangan oksigen.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<strong>2.
Nitrogen</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.5pt;">
Campuran NO dan NO2 menghasilkan NOx yang merupakan hasil pembakaran
bahan bakar dari industri atau kendaraan yang menyebabkan terjadinya hujan asam
dan asap kabut (<em>smog</em>) yang mengakibatkan terjadinya iritasi pada mata
dan menyebabkan tumbuhan menjadi kering. Hujan asam dapat merusak <em>p</em>H
tanah, perairan serta merusakkan bangunan.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<strong>3.
Silikon</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.5pt;">
Silikon yang dipakai untuk kecantikan wajah dapat menyebabkan kerusakan
bentuk dan melumpuhkan beberapa otot wajah. Hal ini karena silikon dapat
membentuk gumpalan dan dapat memblokir aliran darah ke jaringan/organ tubuh.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<strong>4.
Fosfor</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.5pt;">
Fosfor berdampak negatif apabila bijih fosfor yang diolah menjadi fosfat
larut dalam air, sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya limbah radioaktif (disebabkan
bijih fosfor mengandung uranium).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<strong>5.
Belerang</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Senyawa
belerang yang berdampak negatif antara lain:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Hidrogen Sulfida (H2S)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Hidrogen sulfida merupakan gas sangat beracun yang
mempunyai bau seperti telur busuk dan senyawa ini dapat menyebabkan kematian.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Asam Sulfat (H2SO4)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Asam sulfat merupakan zat higroskopis sehingga dapat merusak
kulit dan juga menyebabkan korosi.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<strong>6.
Radon</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.5pt;">
Radon merupakan unsur gas mulia yang bersifat radioaktif. Radon apabila
terhirup oleh manusia, akan tertinggal di paruparu dan menimbulkan kanker
paru-paru.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<strong>7.
Aluminium</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.5pt;">
Aluminium dapat merusak kulit dan dalam bentuk bubuk dapat meledak di
udara bila dipanaskan. Senyawa aluminium yang berbahaya antara lain aluminium
oksida (Al2O3) yang bereaksi dengan karbon dan berdampak pada pemanasan global.
Adapun reaksinya seperti berikut.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-44565895430321085112014-11-04T08:30:00.001+08:002014-11-04T08:30:07.070+08:00unsur golongan 5A *isi makalah*<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo33; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.1<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Nitrogen<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Nitrogen atau zat lemas adalah unsur kimia yang memiliki lambang N dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomor_atom">nomor atom</a> 7. <span lang="SV">Biasanya ditemukan sebagai gas tanpa warna, tanpa
bau, tanpa rasa dan merupakan gas diatomik bukan logam yang stabil, sangat
sulit bereaksi dengan unsur atau senyawa lainnya. Dinamakan zat lemas karena
zat ini bersifat malas, tidak aktif bereaksi dengan unsur lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
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<i>
Gambar1 : Tampilan unsur nitrogen</i> <i>colorless (tanpa warna)<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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Nitrogen
mengisi 78,08 persen <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfir_Bumi" title="Atmosfir Bumi">atmosfir Bumi</a> dan terdapat dalam banyak jaringan
hidup. Nitrogen ditemukan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Rutherford&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Daniel Rutherford (halaman belum tersedia)">Daniel Rutherford</a> pada
1772, yang menyebutnya <i>udara beracun</i> atau <i>udara tetap</i>.
Pengetahuan bahwa terdapat pecahan udara yang tidak membantu dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembakaran">pembakaran</a> telah diketahui
oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahli_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ahli kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">ahli kimia</a> sejak akhir abad
ke-18 lagi. Nitrogen pada masa yang lebih kurang sama oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a>,
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Cavendish&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Henry Cavendish (halaman belum tersedia)">Henry Cavendish</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a>, yang
menyebutnya sebagai <i>udara terbakar</i> atau <i>udara telah flogistat</i>.
Gas nitrogen adalah cukup lemas sehingga dinamakan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a>
sebagai <i>azote</i>, daripada perkataan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani">Yunani</a> αζωτος yang bermaksud
"tak bernyawa". Istilah tersebut telah menjadi nama kepada nitrogen
dalam perkataan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis">Perancis</a> dan kemudiannya berkembang ke
bahasa-bahasa lain.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Senyawa
nitrogen diketahui sejak <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zaman_Pertengahan_Eropa&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Zaman Pertengahan Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)">Zaman Pertengahan
Eropa</a>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">Ahli
alkimia</a> mengetahui <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_nitrat">asam
nitrat</a> sebagai <i>aqua fortis</i>. Campuran <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asam_hidroklorik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Asam hidroklorik (halaman belum tersedia)">asam hidroklorik</a> dan asam
nitrat dinamakan <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akua_regia" title="Akua regia">akua regia</a></i>, yang diakui karena kemampuannya untuk
melarutkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emas">emas</a>. Kegunaan
senyawa nitrogen dalam bidang pertanian dan perusahaan pada awalnya ialah dalam
bentuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium_nitrat">kalium nitrat</a>, terutama
dalam penghasilan serbuk peledak (garam mesiu), dan kemudiannya, sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja">baja</a> dan juga stok makanan ternak
kimia.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Unsur
ini ditemukan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hannig_Brand&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hannig Brand (halaman belum tersedia)">Hannig Brand</a> pada tahun 1669
di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman">Jerman</a>. Dia menemukan unsur ini
dengan cara 'menyuling' air urin melalui proses <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguapan">penguapan</a> dan setelah dia
menguapkan 50 ember air <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urin">urin</a>,
dia baru menemukan unsur yang dia inginkan. Namanya berasal dari bahasa Latin
yaitu phosphoros yang berarti
'pembawa terang' karena keunikannya yaitu bercahaya dalam gelap (glow-in-the
dark). dan kini hasil temuan itu telah sangat berkembang dan sangat berguna
bagi umat manusia.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Pembentukan
senyawa nitrogen sintetis pertama dilakukan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Priestley&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Priestley (halaman belum tersedia)">Priestley</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cavendish&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Cavendish (halaman belum tersedia)">Cavendish</a> yang melewatkan
percikan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunga_api_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bunga api listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">bunga api listrik</a> di
dalam bejana berisi udara bebas dan akhirnya mendapatkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitrat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nitrat (halaman belum tersedia)">nitrat</a> setelah sebelumnya
melarutkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksida">oksida</a> yang
terbentuk dalam reaksi dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali">alkali</a>. Penemuan ini cukup besar di masanya, mengingat
kebutuhan senyawa nitrogen untuk pupuk yang besar namun sayangnya alam tidak
cukup untuk memenuhinya. Karena itu, adanya senyawa nitrogen yang dapat dibuat
di dalam laboratorium memberikan peluang baru.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Namun
usaha dari proses ini tidak berjalan dengan mudah mengingat banyaknya kebutuhan
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi">energi</a> yang besar dan
efisiensinya yang terlalu rendah. Setelah ini banyak proses terus dikembangkan
untuk perbaikan. Nitrogen pernah diikatkan dari udara sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalsium_sianida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kalsium sianida (halaman belum tersedia)">kalsium sianida</a>, namun
tetap saja proses ini masih terlalu mahal. Proses-proses lain juga tidak
terlalu berbeda, seperti pengolahan termal atas campuran <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oksida_nitrogen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Oksida nitrogen (halaman belum tersedia)">oksida nitrogen</a> (NOX),
pembentukan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sianida">sianida</a> dari
berbagai sumber nitrogen, pembentukan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_nitrida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Aluminium nitrida (halaman belum tersedia)">aluminium nitrida</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekomposisi">dekomposisi</a> amonia dan
sebagainya. Semuanya tidak menunjukkan harapan untuk dapat dikomersialkan
walaupun secara teknis semua proses ini terbukti dapat dilaksanakan.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Sampai
akhirnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haber&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Haber (halaman belum tersedia)">Haber</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nernst&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nernst (halaman belum tersedia)">Nernst</a> melakukan penelitian yang
menyeluruh tentang keseimbangan antara nitogen dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> di bawah tekanan
sehingga membentuk amonia. Dari penelitian ini pula didapatkan beberapa katalis
yang sesuai. Reaksi ini sebenarnya membutuhkan tekanan sistem yang tinggi,
tetapi pada masa itu peralatan yang memadai belum ada dan mereka merancang
peralatan baru untuk reaksi tekanan tinggi (salah satu sumbangan dari
perkembangan industri baru ini).<o:p></o:p></div>
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Bukan
peralatan tekanan tinggi saja yang akhirnya tercipta karena dipicu oleh
tuntutan industri nitrogen ini. Haber dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bosch&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bosch (halaman belum tersedia)">Bosch</a>, ilmuwan lain yang bekerjasama
dengan Haber, juga mengembangkan proses yang lebih efisien dalam usahanya
menghasilkan hidrogen dan nitrogen murni. Proses sebelumnya adalah dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrolisis">elektrolisis</a> air untuk
menghasilkan hidrogen murni, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distilasi">distilasi</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Udara_cair&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Udara cair (halaman belum tersedia)">udara cair</a> untuk mendapatkan
nitrogen murni yang kedua usaha ini masih terlalu mahal untuk diaplikasikan
dalam mengkomersialkan proses baru pembuatan amonia mereka. Maka mereka
menciptakan proses lain yang lebih murah.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Usaha
bersama mereka mencapai kesuksesan pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913">1913</a> ketika berhasil membentuk
amonia pada tekanan tinggi. Proses baru ini masih memerlukan banyak energi
namun pengembangan lebih lanjut terus dilakukan. Dengan cepat proses ini
berkembang melebihi proses sintetis senyawa nitrogen lainnya, dan menjadi
dominan sampai sekarang dengan perbaikan-perbaikan besar masih berlanjut.</div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
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<span class="mw-headline"><b><span lang="SV">Sifat-sifat </span></b></span><b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SV">Nitrogen adalah zat non logam, dengan
elektronegatifitas 3.0. Mempunyai 5 elektron di kulit terluarnya. Oleh karena
itu trivalen dalam sebagian besar senyawa. Nitrogen mengembun pada suhu 77K
(-196<sup>o</sup>C) pada tekanan atmosfir dan membeku pada suhu 63K (-210<sup>o</sup>C).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>Sifat Fisik Nitrogen</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><st1:city w:st="on">Massa</st1:city>
atom = <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-26_kg&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-26 kg (halaman belum tersedia)">14.0067</a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_elements_by_atomic_mass&action=edit&redlink=1" title="List of elements by atomic mass (halaman belum tersedia)">(2)</a>
g/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron"><span lang="PT-BR">Konfigurasi elektron</span></a><span lang="PT-BR"> =
1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>3</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="PT-BR">Fasa = gas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_jenis"><span lang="PT-BR">Massa jenis</span></a><span lang="PT-BR"> =
(0 °C; 101,325 kPa) 1.251 g/L<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_lebur"><span lang="DE">Titik lebur</span></a><span lang="DE"> = 63.15 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin"><span lang="DE">K</span></a><span lang="DE"> (-210.00 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius"><span lang="DE">C</span></a><span lang="DE">, -346.00 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit"><span lang="DE">F</span></a><span lang="DE">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_didih"><span lang="DE">Titik didih</span></a><span lang="DE"> = 77.36 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin"><span lang="DE">K</span></a><span lang="DE"> (-195.79 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius"><span lang="DE">C</span></a><span lang="DE">, -320.42 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit"><span lang="DE">F</span></a><span lang="DE">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Titik_kritis_%28termodinamika%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Titik kritis (termodinamika) (halaman belum tersedia)">Titik kritis</a> = 126.21 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>, 3.39 MPa<span lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalor_peleburan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kalor peleburan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="PT-BR">Kalor peleburan</span></a><span lang="PT-BR"> =
(N<sub>2</sub>) 0.720 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalor_penguapan" title="Kalor penguapan"><span lang="PT-BR">Kalor penguapan</span></a><span lang="PT-BR"> =
(N<sub>2</sub>) 5.57 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapasitas_kalor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kapasitas kalor (halaman belum tersedia)">Kapasitas kalor</a> = (25 °C) (N<sub>2</sub>)
29.124 J/(mol·K)<span lang="PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktur_kristal"><span lang="SV">Struktur kristal</span></a><span lang="SV"> =
Hexagonal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi"><span lang="SV">Bilangan oksidasi</span></a><span lang="SV"> =
± 3, 5, 4, 2 (strongly </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Acid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">acidic</span></a><span lang="SV"> oxide)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitas"><span lang="SV">Elektronegativitas</span></a><span lang="SV">
= 3.04 (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skala_Pauling&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Skala Pauling (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">skala Pauling</span></a><span lang="SV">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="NL">14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari-jari_atom"><span lang="NL">Jari-jari atom</span></a><span lang="NL">
= </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-11_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-11 m (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="NL">65</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer"><span lang="NL">pm</span></a><span lang="NL"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">15.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari-jari_atom"><span lang="NL">Jari-jari atom</span></a><span lang="NL"> (terhitung) = </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-11_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-11 m (halaman belum tersedia)">56</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a><span lang="PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">16.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jari-jari_kovalen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jari-jari kovalen (halaman belum tersedia)">Jari-jari kovalen</a> = <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-11_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-11 m (halaman belum tersedia)">75</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a><span lang="PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="NL">17.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jari-jari_Van_der_Waals&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jari-jari Van der Waals (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="NL">Jari-jari Van der Waals</span></a><span lang="NL"> = </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="NL">155</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer"><span lang="NL">pm</span></a><span lang="NL"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="NL">18.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="NL">Tidak bersifat magnetik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="NL">19.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal"><span lang="NL">Konduktivitas termal</span></a><span lang="NL"> =
(300 K) 25.83 m</span>W/(m·K)<span lang="NL"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">20.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecepatan_suara"><span lang="PT-BR">Kecepatan suara</span></a><span lang="PT-BR"> =
(gas, 27 °C) 353 m/s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR">Sifat Kimia Nitrogen<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="PT-BR">Pada kondisi atau keadaan normal normal nitrogen tidak bereaksi dengan
udara, air, asam dan basa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b><span lang="SV">Senyawa</span></b></span><b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrida"><span lang="SV">Hidrida</span></a><span lang="SV"> utama
nitrogen ialah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amonia"><span lang="SV">amonia</span></a><span lang="SV"> (N</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen"><span lang="SV">H</span></a><sub><span lang="SV">3</span></sub><span lang="SV">) walaupun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hidrazina&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hidrazina (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">hidrazina</span></a><span lang="SV"> (N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)
juga banyak ditemukan. Amonia bersifat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa"><span lang="SV">basa</span></a><span lang="SV"> dan ter</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larutan" title="Larutan"><span lang="SV">larut</span></a><span lang="SV"> sebagian dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air"><span lang="SV">air</span></a><span lang="SV"> membentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion"><span lang="SV">ion</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ammonium&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ammonium (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">ammonium</span></a><span lang="SV"> (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>).
Amonia cair sebenarnya sedikit </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfoter" title="Amfoter"><span lang="SV">amfiprotik</span></a><span lang="SV"> dan membentuk ion ammonium dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amida"><span lang="SV">amida</span></a><span lang="SV"> (NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>)
keduanya dikenal sebagai garam amida dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitrida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nitrida (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">nitrida</span></a><span lang="SV"> (N<sup>3-</sup>),
tetapi terurai dalam air.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV">Gugus bebas amonia dengan atom hidrogen
tunggal atau ganda dinamakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amina&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Amina (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">amina</span></a><span lang="SV">. Rantai, cincin
atau struktur hidrida nitrogen yang lebih besar juga diketahui tetapi tak
stabil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><b><span lang="SV">Peranan biologi</span></b></span><b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SV">Nitrogen merupakan unsur kunci dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_amino"><span lang="SV">asam amino</span></a><span lang="SV"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_nukleat"><span lang="SV">asam nukleat</span></a><span lang="SV">, dan ini menjadikan nitrogen penting bagi semua
kehidupan. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein">Protein</a>
disusun dari asam-asam amino, sementara asam nukleat menjadi salah satu
komponen pembentuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>
dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polong-polongan" title="Polong-polongan">Polong-polongan</a>,
seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedelai">kedelai</a>, mampu
menangkap nitrogen secara langsung dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer">atmosfer</a> karena ber<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbiosis">simbiosis</a> dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri">bakteri</a> bintil akar.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b><span lang="DA">Isotop</span></b></span><b><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="DA">Ada 2 isotop Nitrogen yang stabil yaitu: <sup>14</sup>N
dan <sup>15</sup>N. Isotop yang paling banyak adalah <sup>14</sup>N (99.634%),
yang dihasilkan dalam bintang-bintang dan yang selebihnya adalah <sup>15</sup>N.
Di antara sepuluh isotop yang dihasilkan secara sintetik, <sup>1</sup>N
mempunyai paruh waktu selama 9 menit dan yang selebihnya sama atau lebih kecil
dari itu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b><span lang="DA">Nitrogen dalam perindustrian</span></b></span><b><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="DA">Peranan nitrogen dalam perindustrian relatif
besar dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri"><span lang="DA">industri</span></a><span lang="DA"> yang menggunakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur" title="Unsur"><span lang="DA">unsur</span></a><span lang="DA"> dasar <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">nitrogen</span></strong> sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan_baku" title="Bahan baku"><span lang="DA">bahan baku</span></a><span lang="DA"> utamanya disebut pula sebagai industri nitrogen.
Nitrogen yang berasal dari udara merupakan komponen utama dalam pembuatan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupuk"><span lang="DA">pupuk</span></a><span lang="DA"> dan telah
banyak membantu intensifikasi produksi bahan makanan di seluruh dunia.
Pengembangan proses fiksasi nitrogen telah berhasil memperjelas berbagai asas
proses kimia dan proses tekanan tinggi serta telah menyumbang banyak
perkembangan di bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_kimia"><span lang="DA">teknik kimia</span></a><span lang="DA">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="DA">Sebelum adanya proses fiksasi (pengikatan)
nitrogen secara sintetik, sumber utama nitogen untuk keperluan pertanian
hanyalah bahan limbah dan kotoran hewan, hasil dekomposisi dari bahan-bahan
tersebut serta amonium sulfat yang didapatkan dari hasil sampingan pembuatan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kokas&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kokas (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="DA">kokas</span></a><span lang="DA"> dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batubara" title="Batubara"><span lang="DA">batubara</span></a><span lang="DA">. Bahan-bahan seperti ini tidak mudah ditangani belum lagi jumlahnya yang
tidak mencukupi semua kebutuhan yang diperlukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salpeter_Chili&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Salpeter Chili (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="DA">Salpeter Chili</span></a><span lang="DA">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salpeter&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Salpeter (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="DA">salpeter</span></a><span lang="DA"> dari air
kencing hewan dan manusia, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amonia"><span lang="DA">amonia</span></a><span lang="DA"> yang
dikumpulkan dari pembuatan kokas menjadi penting belakangan ini tetapi akhirnya
disisihkan lagi oleh amonia sintetik dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitrat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nitrat (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="DA">nitrat</span></a><span lang="DA">. </span><span lang="SV">Amonia merupakan bahan dasar bagi
pembuatan hampir semua jenis produk yang memakai nitrogen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b><span lang="SV">Bahan baku</span></b></span><b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV">Bahan baku utama yang banyak digunakan
dalam industri nitrogen adalah udara, air, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokarbon"><span lang="SV">hidrokarbon</span></a><span lang="SV"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenaga_listrik"><span lang="SV">tenaga listrik</span></a><span lang="SV">. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batubara" title="Batubara">Batubara</a> dapat
menggantikan hidrokarbon namun membutuhkan penanganan yang lebih rumit,
sehingga proses menjadi kompleks dan berakibat pada mahalnya biaya operasi.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><b>Penggunaan</b></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Nitrogen
memiliki berbagai keperluan. Selain pembuatan <span class="google-src-text">ammonia,
</span>penggunaan terbesar, nitrogen digunakan dalam industri elektronik untuk
flush udara dari tabung vakum sebelum tabung dimeteraikan. Bola lampu pijar
yang memerah dengan gas nitrogen sebelum diisi dengan nitrogen <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnitrogen%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26channel%3Ds%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Argon&usg=ALkJrhgzVRv9GbD3iz_4bjiBnHP_iIrdlQ" title="Argon">argon</a> gas campuran. Dalam operasi pengerjaan logam, nitrogen
digunakan untuk mengontrol <span class="google-src-text">furnace atmospheres
during annealing (heating and slowly cooling</span> tungku atmosfer selama
annealing (pemanasan dan pendinginan perlahan <span class="google-src-text">metal
for strengthening).</span> logam untuk memperkuat). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnitrogen%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26channel%3Ds%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://www.eoearth.org/articles/Nitrogen&usg=ALkJrhi3hNvFbQwFGA7tL9gUhdJIkzlPIA">Nitrogen</a>
digunakan untuk membuat berbagai bahan peledak termasuk <span class="google-src-text">ammonium nitrate,</span> amonium nitrat, <span class="google-src-text">nitroglycerin,</span> nitrogliserin, <span class="google-src-text">nitrocellulose, and</span> nitroselulosa, dan <span class="google-src-text">trinitrotoluene (TNT).</span> trinitrotoluene (TNT). Hal
ini digunakan sebagai refrigeran baik untuk pembekuan perendaman produk makanan
dan untuk transportasi makanan, dan dalam bentuk cair itu digunakan industri
minyak untuk membangun <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnitrogen%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26channel%3Ds%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Pressure&usg=ALkJrhhRSXaa3f70IyikRp4MrrZQ-MDxJQ" title="Tekanan">tekanan</a> dalam sumur untuk memaksa<span class="google-src-text">.</span>
minyak mentah ke permukaan.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Penggunaan
gas amonia bermacam-macam ada yang langsung digunakan sebagai pupuk, pembuatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp">pulp</a> untuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertas">kertas</a>, pembuatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Garam_nitrat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Garam nitrat (halaman belum tersedia)">garam nitrat</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_nitrat">asam nitrat</a>, berbagai jenis
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan_peledak">bahan peledak</a>,
pembuatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senyawa_nitro&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Senyawa nitro (halaman belum tersedia)">senyawa nitro</a> dan berbagai
jenis <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Refrigeran&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Refrigeran (halaman belum tersedia)">refrigeran</a>. Dari gas ini juga
dapat dibuat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea">urea</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hidrazina&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hidrazina (halaman belum tersedia)">hidrazina</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hidroksilamina&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hidroksilamina (halaman belum tersedia)">hidroksilamina</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Gas
amonia banyak juga yang langsung digunakan sebagai pupuk, namun jumlahnya masih
terlalu kecil untuk menghasilkan jumlah panen yang maksimum. Maka dari itu
diciptakan pupuk campuran, yaitu pupuk yang mengandung tiga unsur penting untuk
tumbuhan (N + P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> + K<sub>2</sub>O). Pemakaian yang
intensif diharapkan akan menguntungkan semua pihak.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="notranslate">Nitrogen dapat mempercepat penyulingan minyak</span>, <span class="notranslate">N</span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span> cair digunakan untuk mendinginkan hasil makanan</span>
dan ban yang memakai nitrogen punya banyak manfaat dibanding jika ban yang
masih menggunakan angin biasa. Manfaat yang didapat jika ban memakai nitrogen
diantaranya adalah :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
1. Pertama yang
bisa dirasakan adalah bantingan suspensi mobil akan terasa lebih lembut
dibandingkan jika ban masih menggunakan angin biasa. Hal ini karena gas
nitrogen mampu menjaga elastisitas ban yang dipakai, sehingga kelenturan karet
ban dapat terjaga.<o:p></o:p></div>
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2. Nitrogen
dapat menutup pori-pori karet ban dengan baik, sehingga tekanan ban dapat
bertahan lebih lama, kurang lebih hingga 1 bulan lamanya, sangat berbeda dengan
angin biasa yang umumnya setelah 4 atau 5 hari tekanannya akan berkurang.
Selain itu nitrogen juga dapat memberi lapisan semacam oil, sehingga bagian
dalam ban tidak cepat kering.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
3. Nitrogen
tidak mudah memuai dan terpengaruh suhu panas, sehingga tekanan ban dengan
nitrogen akan mampu stabil saat kondisi ban sudah terpengaruh suhu panas, entah
itu saat mobil melaju pada kecepatan tinggi seperti saat melintasi jalan tol
ataupun saat kondisi pemukaan jalan mulai panas. Sehingga dengan nitrogen
resiko pecah ban akibat tekanan ban yang meningkat dapat dikurangi.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
4. Dalam
keadaan darurat, seperti saat ban bocor, nitrogen tetap dapat dicampur dengan
angin biasa. Namun sebaiknya, jika telah menemukan bengkel yang dapat mengisi
ban dengan nitrogen, maka secepatnya tekanan ban dikuras dan kembali di isi
dengan nitrogen.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span class="mw-headline"><b>Bahaya Nitrogen</b></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Limbah
baja nitrat merupakan penyebab utama pencemaran air sungai dan air bawah tanah.
Senyawa yang mengandung siano (-CN) menghasilkan garam yang sangat beracun dan
bisa membawa kematian pada hewan dan manusia.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>2.2 Fosfor<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span class="apple-style-span">Fosfor adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">unsur kimia</span></a> yang
memiliki <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambang" title="Lambang"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">lambang</span></a> P dengan nomor atom 15. Fosfor
berupa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlogam" title="Nonlogam"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">nonlogam</span></a>,
bervalensi banyak, termasuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golongan_nitrogen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Golongan nitrogen (belum dibuat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">golongan nitrogen</span></a>, banyak
ditemui dalam batuan fosfat anorganik dan dalam semua sel hidup tetapi tidak
pernah ditemui dalam bentuk unsur bebasnya. Fosfor amatlah reaktif, memancarkan
pendar cahaya yang lemah ketika bergabung dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">oksigen</span></a>,
ditemukan dalam berbagai bentuk, dan merupakan unsur penting dalam makhluk
hidup. </span>Fosfor berupa berbagai jenis senyawa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_transisi">logam transisi</a> atau
senyawa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unsur_tanah_langka&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Unsur tanah langka (halaman belum tersedia)">tanah langka</a> seperti
zink sulfida (ZnS) yang ditambah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembaga">tembaga</a>
atau <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak">perak</a>, dan zink silikat
(Zn<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>)yang dicampur dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan">mangan</a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:P,15.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="P,15.jpg" style='width:93.75pt;height:48.75pt'
o:button="t">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg"
o:href="file:///C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\user\Local%20Settings\Temp\PERSENTASI\Fosforus_files\125px-P15.jpg"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="P,15.jpg" border="0" height="65" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" width="125" /><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<i> Gambar 2 :
tampilan unsure fosfor<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b>Bentuk</b></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Fosforus
dapat berada dalam empat bentuk atau lebih alotrop: putih (atau kuning), merah,
dan hitam (atau ungu). Yang paling umum adalah fosforus merah dan putih,
keduanya mengelompok dalam empat atom yang berbentuk tetrahedral. Fosforus
putih terbakar ketika bersentuhan dengan udara dan dapat berubah menjadi
fosforus merah ketika terkena panas atau cahaya. Fosforus putih juga dapat
berada dalam keadaan alfa dan beta yang dipisahkan oleh suhu transisi-3,8 °C.
Fosforus merah relatif lebih stabil dan menyublim pada 170 °C pada tekanan
uap 1 atm, tetapi terbakar akibat tumbukan atau gesekan. Alotrop fosforus hitam
mempunyai struktur seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit">grafit</a>
atom-atom tersusun dalam lapisan-lapisan heksagonal yang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hantaran_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hantaran listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">menghantarkan listrik</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fosfor
diproduksi dengan mereduksi kalsium fosfat, Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>,
dengan batuan kuarsa dan batu bara. Alotrop fosfor meliputi fosfor putih,
fosfor merah, dan fosfor hitam.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:270pt;height:98.25pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img border="0" height="131" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" width="360" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><i><span lang="SV" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Gambar Fosfor putih, merah, hitam<o:p></o:p></span></i></strong></div>
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<br /></div>
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<strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Fosfor putih</span></strong>
adalah molekul dengan komposisi P<sub>4</sub> (Gambar 4.7). Fosfor putih
memiliki titik leleh rendah (mp 44.1<sup>o </sup>C) dan larut dalam benzen atau
karbon disulfida. Karena fosfor putih piroforik dan sangat beracun, fosfor
putih harus ditangani dengan hati-hati.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1028"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="struktur fosfor putih" style='width:156pt;height:153.75pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg"
o:href="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/struktur-fosfor-putih.JPG"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="struktur fosfor putih" border="0" height="205" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028" width="208" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
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<strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Fosfor merah</span></strong>
berstruktur amorf dan strukturnya tidak jelas. Komponen utamanya diasumsikan
berupa rantai yang dibentuk dengan polimerisasi molekul P<sub>4</sub> sebagai
hasil pembukaan satu ikatan P-P. Fosfor merah tidak bersifat piroforik dan
tidak beracun, dan digunakan dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak untuk memproduksi
korek dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Fosfor hitam</span></strong>
adalah isotop yang paling stabil dan didapatkan dari fosfor putih pada
tekanan tinggi (sekitar 8 GPa). Fosfor hitam memiliki kilap logam dan
berstruktur lamelar. Walaupun fosfor hitam bersifat semikonduktor pada tekanan
normal, fosfor hitam menunjukkan sifat logam pada tekanan tinggi (10 GPa).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Senyawa fosfor sebagai ligan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Fosfin tersier, PR<sub>3</sub></span></strong>,
dan fosfit tersier, P(OR)<sub>3</sub>, merupakan ligan yang sangat penting
dalam kimia kompleks logam transisi. Khususnya trifenilfosfin, P(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>,
trietil fosfin, P(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, dan turunannya
merupakan ligan yang sangat berguna dalam banyak senyawa kompleks, sebab
dimungkinkan untuk mengontrol dengan tepat sifat elektronik dan sterik dengan
memodifikasi substituennya (bagian 6.3 (c). Walaupun ligan-ligan ini adalah
donor sigma, ligan-ligan ini dapat menunjukkan karakter penerima pi dengan
mengubah substituennya menjadi penerima elektron Ph (fenil), OR, Cl, F dan
sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Urutan
karakter penerima elektron diperkirakan dari frekuensi uluran C-O dan
pergeseran kimia <sup>13</sup>C NMR senyawa logam karbonil fosfin atau fosfit
tersubstitusi adalah sbb (Ar adalah aril dan R adalah alkil).<o:p></o:p></div>
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PF<sub>3</sub>
> PCl<sub>3</sub> > P(OAr)<sub>3</sub> > P(OR)<sub>3</sub> > PAr<sub>3</sub>
> PRAr<sub>2</sub> > PR<sub>2</sub>Ar > PR<sub>3</sub><o:p></o:p></div>
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Di
pihak lain, C. A. Tolman telah mengusulkan sudut pada ujung kerucut yang
mengelilingi substituen ligan fosfor pada jarak kontak van der Waals dapat
digunakan sebagai parameter untuk mengukur keruahan sterik fosfin atau
fosfit. Parameter ini, disebut sudut kerucut, dan telah digunakan
secara meluas (Gambar 4.8). Bila sudut kerucut besar, bilangan
koordinasi akan menurun karena halangan sterik, dan konstanta kesetimbangan
disosiasi dan laju disosiasi ligan fosfor menjadi lebih besar (Tabel 4.2).
Ungkapan numerik efek sterik sangat bermanfaat dan banyak studi telah dilakukan
untuk mempelajari hal ini.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
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type="#_x0000_t75" alt="sudut kerucut" style='width:173.25pt;height:116.25pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.jpg"
o:href="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/sudut-kerucut.JPG"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="sudut kerucut" border="0" height="155" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029" width="231" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1030"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="tabel sudut kerucut" style='width:210pt;height:225pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.jpg"
o:href="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/tabel-sudut-kerucut-280x300.jpg"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="tabel sudut kerucut" border="0" height="300" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030" width="280" /><!--[endif]--><span class="mw-headline"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b>Sifat-sifat</b></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Secara
umum fosforus membentuk padatan putih yang lengket yang memiliki bau yang tidak
enak tetapi ketika murni menjadi tak berwarna dan transparan. Nonlogam ini
tidak larut dalam air, tetapi larut dalam karbon disulfida. Fosforus murni
terbakar secara spontan di udara membentuk fosforus pentoksida.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Sifat Fisik Fosfor<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_atom"><span lang="SV">Massa atom</span></a> <span lang="SV"> = </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-26_kg&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-26 kg (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">30,973761(2)</span></a><span lang="SV">
g/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron"><span lang="SV">Konfigurasi elektron</span></a><span lang="SV"> =
[</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a>] 3s<sup>2</sup>
3p<sup>3</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Jumlah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron">elektron</a>
tiap <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tingkat_energi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tingkat energi (halaman belum tersedia)">kulit</a> = 2, 8, 5<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda"><span lang="FI">Fase</span></a> <span lang="FI"> = </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padat"><span lang="FI">padat</span></a><span lang="FI"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_jenis"><span lang="FI">Massa jenis</span></a><span lang="FI"> (sekitar </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu_kamar"><span lang="FI">suhu kamar</span></a><span lang="FI">) = (putih)
1,823 g/cm³<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_jenis"><span lang="FI">Massa jenis</span></a><span lang="FI"> (sekitar </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu_kamar"><span lang="FI">suhu kamar</span></a><span lang="FI">) = </span>(merah)
2,34 g/cm³<span lang="FI"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_jenis"><span lang="FI">Massa jenis</span></a><span lang="FI"> (sekitar </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu_kamar"><span lang="FI">suhu kamar</span></a><span lang="FI">) = (hitam)
2,69 g/cm³<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_lebur"><span lang="DE">Titik lebur</span></a> <span lang="DE"> = (putih)
317,3 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin"><span lang="DE">K</span></a><span lang="DE"> (44,2 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius"><span lang="DE">C</span></a><span lang="DE">, 111,6 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit"><span lang="DE">F</span></a><span lang="DE">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_didih"><span lang="DE">Titik didih</span></a> <span lang="DE"> = 550 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin"><span lang="DE">K</span></a><span lang="DE"> (277 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius"><span lang="DE">C</span></a><span lang="DE">, 531 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit"><span lang="DE">F</span></a><span lang="DE">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalor_peleburan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kalor peleburan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kalor peleburan</a> = (putih) 0,66
kJ/mol<span lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalor_penguapan" title="Kalor penguapan">Kalor
penguapan</a> =
12,4 kJ/mol<span lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapasitas_kalor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kapasitas kalor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="FI">Kapasitas kalor</span></a><span lang="FI"> =
(25 °C) (putih) 23,824 J/(mol·K)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktur_kristal"><span lang="SV">Struktur kristal</span></a><span lang="SV"> =
Monoklinik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi"><span lang="SV">Bilangan oksidasi</span></a><span lang="SV"> =
±3, 5, 4 (oksida </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam"><span lang="SV">asam</span></a><span lang="SV"> lemah)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">15.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitas"><span lang="SV">Elektronegativitas</span></a><span lang="SV"> =
2,19 (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skala_Pauling&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Skala Pauling (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">skala Pauling</span></a><span lang="SV">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="NL">16.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari-jari_atom"><span lang="NL">Jari-jari atom</span></a><span lang="NL"> =
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="NL">100</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer"><span lang="NL">pm</span></a><span lang="NL"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">17.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari-jari_atom"><span lang="NL">Jari-jari atom</span></a><span lang="NL"> (terhitung) =
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-11_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-11 m (halaman belum tersedia)">98</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a><span lang="FI"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">18.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jari-jari_kovalen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jari-jari kovalen (halaman belum tersedia)">Jari-jari kovalen</a> = <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)">106</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a><span lang="FI"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">19.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jari-jari_Van_der_Waals&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jari-jari Van der Waals (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="FI">Jari-jari Van der Waals</span></a><span lang="FI"> =
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="FI">180</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer"><span lang="FI">pm</span></a><span lang="FI"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">20.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI">Tidak bersifat magnetik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">21.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal"><span lang="FI">Konduktivitas termal</span></a><span lang="FI"> =
(300 K) (putih) 0,236 W/(m·K)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="FI">Sifat Kimia Fosfor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI">Reaksi fosfor dengan Air<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="FI">Fosfor</span></span><span lang="FI"> <span class="hps">putih</span> <span class="hps">bersinar</span> <span class="hps">dalam</span> <span class="hps">gelap</span>
<span class="hps">saat</span> <span class="hps">terkena</span> <span class="hps">udara</span>
<span class="hps">lembab</span> <span class="hps">dalam</span> <span class="hps">proses
yang dikenal sebagai</span> <span class="hps">chemiluminescence</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI">Reaksi fosfor dengan Udara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="FI">Fosfor</span></span><span lang="FI"> <span class="hps">putih</span> <span class="hps">harus</span> <span class="hps">ditangani</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span>
<span class="hps">hati-hati</span>. <span class="hps">Hal</span> <span class="hps">spontanteously
bila</span> <span class="hps">menyatu</span> <span class="hps">di</span> <span class="hps">udara</span> <span class="hps">pada</span> <span class="hps">suhu</span> <span class="hps">kamar</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span> <span class="hps">membentuk</span>
<span class="hpsatn">"fosfor </span>pentoksida" <span class="hps">tetraphosphorus
desaoksida</span>, <span class="hps">P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1026" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251643904' from="3in,9.05pt" to="261pt,9.05pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 287px; margin-top: 6px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251643904;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="FI"> P<sub>4</sub></span></span><span lang="FI"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">5O<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span class="hps"><span lang="FI">kontrol</span></span><span lang="FI"> <span class="hps">hati-hati</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>75% <span class="hps">O<sub>2</sub></span>, <span class="hps">N<sub>2</sub></span>
<span class="hps">25</span>%, <span class="hps">50°C</span>, <span class="hps">90</span>
<span class="hps">mm</span> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="FI">Hg</span></span><span lang="FI">), <span class="hps">campuran</span> <span class="hps">terbentuk</span>, <span class="hps">salah satu</span> <span class="hps">produk</span> <span class="hps">di</span>
<span class="hps">mana</span> <span class="hps">adalah</span> <span class="hpsatn">"</span>fosfor
<span class="hps">trioksida</span>" <span class="hps">tetraphosphorus</span> <span class="hps">hexaoxide</span>, <span class="hps">P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1027" style='position:absolute;
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 287px; margin-top: 7px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251644928;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1027" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI"> <span class="hps">P<sub>4</sub></span><sub> </sub><span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">3O<sub>2</sub></span><sub> </sub><span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI">Reaksi fosfor dengan halogen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1030" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251648000' from="117pt,85.55pt" to="162pt,85.55pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 155px; margin-top: 108px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251648000;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1030" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1029"
style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251646976' from="117pt,67.55pt"
to="162pt,67.55pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 155px; margin-top: 84px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251646976;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1029" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1028"
style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251645952' from="117pt,49.55pt"
to="162pt,49.55pt">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 155px; margin-top: 60px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251645952;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1028" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="FI">Fosfor</span></span><span lang="FI"> <span class="hps">Putih</span>, <span class="hps">P<sub>4</sub></span>
<span class="hps">bereaksi</span> <span class="hps">keras</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span>
<span class="hps">semua</span> <span class="hps">halogen</span> <span class="hps">di</span>
<span class="hps">temeperature</span> <span class="hps">ruang</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span> <span class="hps">membentuk</span> <span class="hps">fosfor</span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>III) <span class="hps">trihalides</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="FI">P<sub>4</sub></span></span><span lang="FI"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">6F<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">4PF<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>g)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="FI">P<sub>4</sub></span></span><span lang="FI"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">6Cl<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">4PCl<sub>3</sub></span><sub>
</sub><span class="hpsatn">(</span>g)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="FI">P<sub>4</sub></span></span><span lang="FI"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">6Br<sub>2</sub></span><sub> </sub><span class="hpsatn">(</span>g)
<span class="hps">4PBr<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>g)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1031" style='position:absolute;
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 143px; margin-top: 6px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251649024;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1031" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI"> <span class="hps">P<sub>4</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)
<span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">6I<sub>2</sub></span><sub> </sub><span class="hpsatn">(</span>g)
<span class="hps">4PI<sub>3</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="FI">Fosfor</span></span><span lang="FI"> <span class="hps">putih</span> <span class="hps">bereaksi</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">yodium</span>
<span class="hps">dalam</span> <span class="hps">karbon</span> <span class="hps">disulfida</span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>CS<sub>2</sub>) <span class="hps">untuk</span> <span class="hps">membentuk</span> <span class="hps">fosfor</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>II)
<span class="hps">iodida</span>. </span><span class="hps"><span lang="SV">Senyawa</span></span><span lang="SV"> <span class="hps">yang sama</span> <span class="hps">terbentuk</span>
<span class="hps">dalam</span> <span class="hps">reaksi</span> <span class="hps">antara</span>
<span class="hps">fosfor</span> <span class="hps">merah</span> <span class="hps">dan</span>
<span class="hps">yodium</span> <span class="hps">pada</span> <span class="hps">180°C.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 203px; margin-top: 4px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251650048;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1032" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="SV"> P<sub>4</sub></span></span><span lang="SV"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">4I<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2P<sub>2</sub>I<sub>4</sub></span><sub>
</sub><span class="hpsatn">(</span>g)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="SV">4. Reaksi Fosfor dengan asam <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="SV">Fosfor</span></span><span lang="SV"> <span class="hps">tidak</span> <span class="hps">bereaksi</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">larutan</span>
<span class="hps">asam</span> <span class="hps">non</span> <span class="hps">oksidasi</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b>Manfaat atau Kegunaan<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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Dalam
beberapa tahun terakhir, asam fosfor yang mengandung 70% – 75% P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>,
telah menjadi bahan penting pertanian dan produksi tani lainnya. Permintaan
untuk pupuk secara global telah meningkatkan produksi fosfat yang banyak.
Fosfat juga digunakan untuk produksi gelas spesial, seperti yang digunakan pada
lampu sodium. Kalsium fosfat digunakan untuk membuat perabotan <st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place>
dan untuk memproduksi mono-kalsium fosfat. Fosfor juga digunakan dalam
memproduksi baja, perunggu fosfor, dan produk-produk lainnya. Trisodium fosfat
sangat penting sebagai agen pembersih, sebagai pelunak air, dan untuk menjaga
korosi pipa-pipa. Fosfor juga merupakan bahan penting bagi sel-sel protoplasma,
jaringan saraf dan tulang. Kegunaan fosfor yang terpenting adalah dalam
pembuatan pupuk, dan secara luas digunakan dalam bahan peledak, korek api,
kembang api, pestisida, odol dan deterjen. Kegunaan fosfor yang paling umum
ialah pada ragaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabung_sinar_katoda" title="Tabung sinar katoda">tabung sinar katoda (CRT)</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampu_pendar">lampu pendar</a>, sementara
fosfor dapat ditemukan pula pada berbagai jenis mainan yang dapat berpendar
dalam gelap (glow in the dark).<o:p></o:p></div>
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Kegunaan
fosforus yang terpenting adalah dalam pembuatan pupuk, dan secara luas
digunakan dalam bahan peledak, korek api, kembang api, pestisida, odol, dan
deterjen.<i><o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<b>2.3 Arsen<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Arsen, arsenik, atau arsenikum
adalah unsur metaloid dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik">tabel periodik</a> yang
memiliki simbol As dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomor_atom">nomor atom</a> 33. Arsen adalah
bahan metaloid yang terkenal beracun dan memiliki tiga bentuk alotropik;
kuning, hitam, dan abu-abu. Arsenik dan senyawa arsenik digunakan sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pestisida">pestisida</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbisida">herbisida</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insektisida">insektisida</a>, dan dalam
berbagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloy" title="Aloy">aloy</a>. Di
alam biasanya arsen terdapat dalam bentuk mineral pada kerak bumi seperti
realgar (As4S4), orpiment (As2S2), arsenolit (As2O3) dan mineral besi seperti
arsenopirit (FeAsS) dan leolingit (FeAs2).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:As,33.jpg&filetimestamp=20050123192339"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="As,33.jpg" style='width:93.75pt;
height:49.5pt' o:button="t">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image013.jpg"
o:href="file:///C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\user\Local%20Settings\Temp\PERSENTASI\Arsen_files\125px-As33.jpg"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="As,33.jpg" border="0" height="66" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1031" width="125" /><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<i>Gambar 3 : tampilan arsen berwarna abu-abu
metalik<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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Arsenik
dikenal dan digunakan di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persia" title="Persia">Persia</a> dan di banyak tempat lainnya sejak zaman dahulu. Bahan
ini sering digunakan untuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membunuh" title="Membunuh">membunuh</a>, dan gejala <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keracunan_arsenik">keracunan arsenik</a>
sulit dijelaskan, sampai ditemukannya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tes_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tes Marsh (halaman belum tersedia)">tes Marsh</a>, tes kimia sensitif
untuk mengetes keberadaan arsenik. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Karena
sering digunakan oleh para penguasa untuk menyingkirkan lawan-lawannya dan
karena daya bunuhnya yang luar biasa serta sulit dideteksi, arsenik disebut Racun para raja, dan Raja dari semua racun.
Dalam zaman Perunggu, arsenik sering digunakan di perunggu, yang membuat
campuran tersebut lebih keras.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warangan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Warangan (halaman belum tersedia)">Warangan</a>, yang sering digunakan
sebagai bahan pelapis permukaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keris">keris</a>,
mengandung bahan utama arsen. Arsen membangkitkan penampilan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pamor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pamor (halaman belum tersedia)">pamor</a> keris dengan mempertegas
kontras pada pamor. Selain itu, arsen juga meningkatkan daya bunuh senjata
tikam itu. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus">Albertus
Magnus</a> dipercaya sebagai orang pertama yang menemukan bagaimana mengisolasi
elemen ini di tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1250">1250</a>. Pada
tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1649">1649</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johan_Schroeder&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Johan Schroeder (halaman belum tersedia)">Johan Schroeder</a>
mempublikasi 2 cara menyiapkan arsenik.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Arsenic-symbol.png&filetimestamp=20050723101038" title="Alchemical symbol for arsenic"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75"
alt="Alchemical symbol for arsenic" title=""Alchemical symbol for arsenic""
style='width:56.25pt;height:49.5pt' o:button="t">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image014.png"
o:href="file:///C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\user\Local%20Settings\Temp\PERSENTASI\Arsen_files\75px-Arsenic-symbol.png"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="Alchemical symbol for arsenic" border="0" height="66" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032" width="75" /><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lambang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimia">alkimia</a> untuk arsenik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Pada
zaman <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratu_Victoria" title="Ratu Victoria">Ratu
Victoria</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britania_Raya">Britania
Raya</a>, arsenik dicampurkan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuka" title="Cuka">cuka</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapur">kapur</a>
dan dimakan oleh kaum perempuan untuk meningkatkan penampilan wajah mereka,
membuat kulit mereka lebih putih untuk menunjukkan bahwa mereka tidak bekerja
di ladang. Arsenik juga digosokkan di muka dan di lengan kaum perempuan untuk
memutihkan kulit mereka. Namun ini sangat tidak dianjurkan sekarang.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b>Sifat-sifat</b></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Arsenik
secara kimiawi memiliki karakteristik yang serupa dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfor">Fosfor</a>, dan sering dapat
digunakan sebagai pengganti dalam berbagai reaksi biokimia dan juga beracun.
Ketika dipanaskan, arsenik akan cepat teroksidasi menjadi oksida arsenik, yang
berbau seperti bau bawang putih. Arsenik dan beberapa senyawa arsenik juga
dapat langsung tersublimasi, berubah dari padat menjadi gas tanpa menjadi
cairan terlebih dahulu. Zat dasar arsenik ditemukan dalam dua bentuk padat yang
berwarna kuning dan metalik, dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berat_jenis">berat jenis</a> 1,97 dan 5,73.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><span lang="SV">Sifat Fisika Arsenik<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_atom"><span lang="SV">Massa atom</span></a> <span lang="SV"> = </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-25_kg&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-25 kg (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">74,92160(2)</span></a><span lang="SV">
g/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron"><span lang="SV">Konfigurasi elektron</span></a> <span lang="SV"> =
[</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span lang="PT-BR">Ar</span></a><span lang="PT-BR">] 3d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>3</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda"><span lang="PT-BR">Fase</span></a> <span lang="PT-BR"> = solid<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_jenis"><span lang="PT-BR">Massa jenis</span></a><span lang="PT-BR"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu_kamar"><span lang="PT-BR">suhu kamar</span></a><span lang="PT-BR">) =
5,727 g/cm³<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_jenis"><span lang="PT-BR">Massa jenis</span></a><span lang="PT-BR"> cair pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_lebur"><span lang="PT-BR">titik lebur</span></a> <span lang="PT-BR"> = 5,22 g/cm³<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_lebur"><span lang="DE">Titik lebur</span></a> <span lang="DE"> = 1090 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin"><span lang="DE">K</span></a><span lang="DE"> (817 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius"><span lang="DE">C</span></a><span lang="DE">, 1503 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit"><span lang="DE">F</span></a><span lang="DE">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_didih"><span lang="DE">Titik didih</span></a> <span lang="DE"> = 887 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin"><span lang="DE">K</span></a><span lang="DE"> (614 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius"><span lang="DE">C</span></a><span lang="DE">, 1137 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit"><span lang="DE">F</span></a><span lang="DE">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalor_peleburan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kalor peleburan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="DE">Kalor peleburan</span></a> <span lang="DE"> =
(abu-abu) 24,44 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalor_penguapan" title="Kalor penguapan"><span lang="DE">Kalor penguapan</span></a> <span lang="DE"> =
34,76 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapasitas_kalor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kapasitas kalor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="FI">Kapasitas kalor</span></a> <span lang="FI"> =
(25 °C) 24,64 J/(mol·K)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktur_kristal"><span lang="SV">Struktur kristal</span></a> <span lang="SV"> =
Rhombohedral<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi"><span lang="SV">Bilangan oksidasi</span></a> <span lang="SV"> =
±3, 5 (oksida </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam"><span lang="FI">asam</span></a><span lang="FI"> lemah)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitas"><span lang="SV">Elektronegativitas</span></a> <span lang="SV"> =
2,18 (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skala_Pauling&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Skala Pauling (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">skala Pauling</span></a><span lang="SV">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="NL">14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari-jari_atom"><span lang="SV">Jari-jari atom</span></a> <span lang="SV"> =
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="NL">115</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer"><span lang="NL">pm</span></a><span lang="NL"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">15.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari-jari_atom"><span lang="NL">Jari-jari atom</span></a><span lang="NL"> (terhitung)
= </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)">114</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a><span lang="FI"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">16.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jari-jari_kovalen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jari-jari kovalen (halaman belum tersedia)">Jari-jari kovalen</a> = <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)">119</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a><span lang="FI"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="NL">17.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jari-jari_Van_der_Waals&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jari-jari Van der Waals (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="NL">Jari-jari Van der Waals</span></a> <span lang="NL"> =
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="NL">185</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer"><span lang="NL">pm</span></a><span lang="NL"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="NL">18.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="NL">Tidak ber</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme"><span lang="NL">sifat magnetik</span></a><span lang="NL"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="NL">19.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Resistivitas_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Resistivitas listrik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="NL">Resistivitas listrik</span></a> <span lang="NL"> =
(20 °C) 333 n</span>Ω<span lang="NL">·m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="NL">20.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal"><span lang="NL">Konduktivitas termal</span></a> <span lang="NL"> =
(300 K) 50,2 W/(m·K)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="NL">Sifat Kimia Ars</span></b><b><span lang="PT-BR">enik<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="PT-BR">Reaksi arsenik dengan air<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">Arsenik</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hps">tidak</span> <span class="hps">bereaksi</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">air</span>
<span class="hps">dalam</span> <span class="hps">ketiadaan</span> <span class="hps">udara</span>
<span class="hps">dalam kondisi</span> <span class="hps">normal</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="PT-BR">Rea</span><span lang="SV">ksi arsenik dengan udara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="SV">Arsenik</span></span><span lang="SV"> <span class="hps">stabil</span> <span class="hps">di</span> <span class="hps">udara</span> <span class="hps">kering,</span>
<span class="hps">tetapi</span> <span class="hps">permukaan</span> <span class="hps">mengoksidasi</span>
<span class="hps">perlahan</span> <span class="hps">di</span> <span class="hps">udara</span>
<span class="hps">lembab</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span> <span class="hps">memberikan</span>
<span class="hps">perunggu</span> <span class="hps">menodai</span> <span class="hps">dan</span>
<span class="hps">akhirnya</span> <span class="hps">penutup</span> <span class="hps">hitam</span>.
<span class="hps">Ketika</span> <span class="hps">dipanaskan</span> <span class="hps">di</span> <span class="hps">udara</span>, <span class="hps">arsenik</span>
<span class="hps">menyatu</span> <span class="hpsatn">"</span>arsenik <span class="hps">trioksida</span>" <span class="hps">tetra</span><span class="atn">-</span>arsenik
<span class="hps">hexaoxide</span>, <span class="hps">As<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub></span>.
<span class="hps">Hal ini</span> <span class="hps">disertai</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span>
<span class="hps">pendar</span> <span class="hps">di bawah</span> <span class="hps">beberapa</span>
<span class="hps">kondisi</span>. <span class="hps">Ketika</span> <span class="hps">dipanaskan</span>
<span class="hps">dalam</span> <span class="hps">oksigen</span>, <span class="hps">arsenik</span>
<span class="hps">menyatu</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span> <span class="hps">membentuk</span>
<span class="hpsatn">"arsen </span>pentoksida" <span class="hps">tetra</span><span class="atn">-</span>arsenik <span class="hps">decaoxide</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251651072;"><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; left: 143px; position: absolute; top: -1px; width: 63px;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1033" width="63" /></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">4As</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span>
<span class="hps">5O<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">As<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 143px; margin-top: 7px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251652096;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1034" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">4As</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span>
<span class="hps">3O<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">As<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="PT-BR">Reaksi arsenik dengan halogen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">Arsenik</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hps">bereaksi</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">fluor</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span>
<span class="hps">membentuk</span> <span class="hps">arsen</span> <span class="hps">gas</span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>V) <span class="hps">fluoride</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps">5F<sub>2</sub></span><sub> </sub><span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2AsF<sub>5</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>g)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">Arsenik</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hps">bereaksi</span> <span class="hps">dalam kondisi yang terkendali</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">halogen</span> <span class="hps">fluorin</span>, <span class="hps">klorin</span>
<span class="hps">bromin</span>, <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">yodium</span>
<span class="hps">untuk</span> <span class="hps">membentuk</span> <span class="hps">arsen</span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>III) <span class="hps">trihalides</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps">3F<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2AsF<sub>3</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>l)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 143px; margin-top: 6px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251655168;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1037" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">2As</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span>
<span class="hps">3Cl<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2AsCl<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>l)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 143px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251656192;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1038" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">2As</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span>
<span class="hps">3Br<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2AsBr<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>l)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251657216;"><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; left: 143px; position: absolute; top: -1px; width: 63px;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1039" width="63" /></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">2As</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span>
<span class="hps">3I<sub>2</sub></span><sub> </sub><span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2AsI<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>l)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b><span lang="PT-BR">Arsen dan lingkungan</span></b></span><b><span lang="PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Beberapa
tempat di bumi mengandung arsen yang cukup tinggi sehingga dapat merembes ke <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_tanah">air tanah</a>. <span lang="SV">WHO menetapkan ambang aman tertinggi arsen di air
tanah sebesar 50 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ppb" title="Ppb"><span lang="SV">ppb</span></a><span lang="SV"> (bagian per milyar). Kebanyakan wilayah dengan
kandungan arsen tertinggi adalah daerah aluvial yang merupakan endapan lumpur
sungai dan tanah dengan kaya bahan organik. Diperkirakan sekitar 57 juta orang
meminum </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_tanah"><span lang="SV">air tanah</span></a><span lang="SV"> yang terkontaminasi arsen berlebih, sehingga
berpotensi meracun. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV">Arsenik dalam air tanah bersifat alami,
dan dilepaskan dari sedimen ke dalam air tanah karena tidak adanya oksigen pada
lapisan di bawah permukaan tanah. Air tanah ini mulai dipergunakan setelah
sejumlah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lembaga_Swadaya_Masyarakat" title="Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat"><span lang="SV">LSM</span></a><span lang="SV"> dari barat meneliti program air sumur
besar-besaran pada akhir abad ke-20, namun gagal menemukan keberadaan arsenik
dalam air tanah. Diperkirakan sebagai keracunan masal terburuk dalam sejarah
dan mungkin musibah lingkungan terparah dalam sejarah. Di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banglades" title="Banglades"><span lang="SV">Banglades</span></a><span lang="SV"> terjadi epidemik keracunan masal disebabkan oleh
arsenik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV">Banyak negara lain di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia"><span lang="SV">Asia</span></a><span lang="SV">, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam"><span lang="SV">Vietnam</span></a><span lang="SV">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamboja"><span lang="SV">Kamboja</span></a><span lang="SV">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia"><span lang="SV">Indonesia</span></a><span lang="SV">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet"><span lang="SV">Tibet</span></a><span lang="SV">, diduga
memiliki lingkungan geologi yang serupa dan kondusif untuk menghasilkan air
tanah yang mengandung arsenik dalam kadar yang tinggi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b><span lang="SV">Manfaat</span></b></span><b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SV">Penggunaan arsen sangat bervariasi antara
lain pada industri pengerasan tembaga dan timbal sebagai bahan pengisi
pembentukan campuran logam, industri pengawet kayu (bersama tembaga dan krom),
untuk melapisi perunggu (menjadikannya berwarna merah tua), industri cat,
keramik, gelas (penjernih dari noda besi) dan kertas dinding. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV">Timbal biarsenat telah digunakan di abad
ke-20 sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pestisida" title="Pestisida"><span lang="SV">insektisida</span></a><span lang="SV"> untuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buah"><span lang="SV">buah</span></a><span lang="SV"> namun
mengakibatkan kerusakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otak"><span lang="SV">otak</span></a><span lang="SV"> para pekerja yang menyemprotnya. Selama abad
ke-19, senyawa arsen telah digunakan dalam bidang obat-obatan tetapi kebanyakan
sekarang telah digantikan dengan obat-obatan modern.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>Kegunaan lain:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Berbagai macam insektisida dan racun<o:p></o:p></div>
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Galium
arsenida adalah material <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semikonduktor">semikonduktor</a>
penting dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirkuit_terpadu">sirkuit
terpadu</a>. Sirkuit dibuat menggunakan komponen ini lebih cepat tapi juga
lebih mahal daripada terbuat dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon">silikon</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="mw-headline">Berbagai macam senyawa</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asam_arsenat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Asam arsenat (halaman belum tersedia)">Asam arsenat</a> (H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub>)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_arsenit" title="Asam arsenit">Asam arsenit</a> (H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>3</sub>)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arsen_trioksida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Arsen trioksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Arsen trioksida</a> (As<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arsin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Arsin (halaman belum tersedia)">Arsin</a> (Arsen Trihidrida AsH<sub>3</sub>)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kadmium_arsenida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kadmium arsenida (halaman belum tersedia)">Kadmium arsenida</a> (Cd<sub>3</sub>As<sub>2</sub>)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galium_arsenida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Galium arsenida (halaman belum tersedia)">Galium arsenida</a> (GaAs)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timbal_biarsenat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Timbal biarsenat (halaman belum tersedia)">Timbal biarsenat</a> (PbHAsO<sub>4</sub>)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b>Bahaya Arsenik</b></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Arsenik
dan sebagian besar senyawa arsenik adalah racun yang kuat. Arsenik membunuh
dengan cara merusak <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_pencernaan">sistem
pencernaan</a>, yang menyebabkan kematian oleh karena <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock">shock</a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>2.4 <span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1034" type="#_x0000_t75" alt=""
style='width:13.5pt;height:13.5pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image019.png"
o:href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Button_hide.png"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img border="0" height="18" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1034" width="18" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:13.5pt;height:13.5pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image019.png"
o:href="file:///C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\user\Local%20Settings\Temp\PERSENTASI\Antimon_files\Button_hide.png"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img border="0" height="18" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1035" width="18" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b>Antimon<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span lang="SV">Antimon</span><span lang="SV"> adalah suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur_kimia"><span lang="SV">unsur </span><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><u><span lang="SV" style="color: blue; mso-ansi-language: SV;">metaloid</span></u></span><span lang="SV"> kimia</span></a><span lang="SV"> dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik"><span lang="SV">tabel periodik</span></a><span lang="SV"> yang memiliki lambang Sb dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomor_atom"><span lang="SV">nomor atom</span></a><span lang="SV"> 51. Lambangnya diambil dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin"><span lang="SV">bahasa Latin</span></a> <span lang="SV">Stibium</span><span lang="SV">. Antimon merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaloid"><span lang="SV">metaloid</span></a><span lang="SV"> dan mempunyai
empat</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alotropi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Alotropi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">alotropi</span></a><span lang="SV"> bentuk.
Bentuk stabil antimon adalah logam biru-putih. Antimoni kuning dan hitam adalah
logam tak stabil. </span><span lang="DA">Antimon
digunakan sebagai bahan tahan api, cat, keramik, elektronik dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karet"><span lang="DA">karet</span></a><span lang="DA">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="DA">
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Sb,51.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Sb,51.jpg" style='width:93.75pt;
height:48.75pt' o:button="t">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image021.jpg"
o:href="file:///C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\user\Local%20Settings\Temp\PERSENTASI\Antimon_files\125px-Sb51.jpg"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="Sb,51.jpg" border="0" height="65" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1033" width="125" /><!--[endif]--></span></a><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span lang="DA">Gambar 4 : Tampilan unsure antimony silvery
lustrous grey (<span class="hps">abu-abu</span><span class="shorttext"> </span><span class="hps">keperakan</span><span class="shorttext"> </span><span class="hps">mengkilap)</span></span></i><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b><span lang="DA">Sifat-sifat</span></b></span><b><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="DA">Antimon merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur" title="Unsur"><span lang="DA">unsur</span></a><span lang="DA"> dengan warna putih keperakan, berbentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal"><span lang="DA">kristal</span></a><span lang="DA"> padat yang
rapuh. Daya hantar listrik (konduktivitas) dan panasnya lemah. Zat ini
menyublim (menguap dari fasa padat) pada suhu rendah. Sebagai sebuah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaloid"><span lang="DA">metaloid</span></a><span lang="DA">, antimon
menyerupai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam"><span lang="DA">logam</span></a><span lang="DA"> dari penampilan fisiknya tetapi secara kimia ia bereaksi berbeda dari logam
sejati.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="DA">Sifat Fisika Antimom<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_atom"><span lang="SV">Massa atom</span></a><span lang="SV"> = </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-25_kg&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-25 kg (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">121.760</span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_elements_by_atomic_mass&action=edit&redlink=1" title="List of elements by atomic mass (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">(1)</span></a><span lang="SV"> g/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DA">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron"><span lang="SV">Konfigurasi elektron</span></a><span lang="SV"> =
[</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>] 4d<sup>10</sup>
5s<sup>2</sup> 5p<sup>3</sup><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DA">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Jumlah
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron">elektron</a> tiap <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tingkat_energi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tingkat energi (halaman belum tersedia)">kulit</a> = 2, 8, 18, 18, 5<span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DA">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">Fase</a> = <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_jenis"><span lang="FI">Massa jenis</span></a><span lang="FI"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu_kamar"><span lang="FI">suhu kamar</span></a><span lang="FI">) = 6.697 g/cm³<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_jenis"><span lang="PT-BR">Massa jenis</span></a><span lang="PT-BR"> cair pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_lebur"><span lang="PT-BR">titik lebur</span></a><span lang="PT-BR"> = 6.53
g/cm³<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_lebur"><span lang="DE">Titik lebur</span></a><span lang="DE"> = 903.78 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin"><span lang="DE">K</span></a><span lang="DE"> (630.63 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius"><span lang="DE">C</span></a><span lang="DE">, 1167.13 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit"><span lang="DE">F</span></a><span lang="DE">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_didih"><span lang="DE">Titik didih</span></a><span lang="DE"> = 1860 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin"><span lang="DE">K</span></a><span lang="DE"> (1587 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius"><span lang="DE">C</span></a><span lang="DE">, 2889 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit"><span lang="DE">F</span></a><span lang="DE">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalor_peleburan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kalor peleburan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kalor peleburan</a> = 19.79 kJ/mol<span lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalor_penguapan" title="Kalor penguapan">Kalor
penguapan</a> =
193.43 kJ/mol<span lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapasitas_kalor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kapasitas kalor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="FI">Kapasitas kalor</span></a><span lang="FI"> =
(25 °C) 25.23 J/(mol·K)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktur_kristal"><span lang="SV">Struktur kristal</span></a><span lang="SV"> =
Rhombohedral<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi"><span lang="SV">Bilangan oksidasi</span></a><span lang="SV"> = −3, 3, 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitas"><span lang="SV">Elektronegativitas</span></a><span lang="SV"> =
2.05 (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skala_Pauling&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Skala Pauling (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">skala Pauling</span></a><span lang="SV">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="NL">15.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari-jari_atom"><span lang="SV">Jari-jari atom</span></a><span lang="SV"> =
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="NL">145</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer"><span lang="NL">pm</span></a><span lang="NL"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">16.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari-jari_atom"><span lang="NL">Jari-jari atom</span></a><span lang="NL"> (terhitung) =
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)">133</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a><span lang="FI"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">17.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jari-jari_kovalen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jari-jari kovalen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="FI">Jari-jari kovalen</span></a><span lang="FI"> =
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="FI">138</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer"><span lang="FI">pm</span></a><span lang="FI"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">18.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI">Tidak bersifat magnetic<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">19.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Resistivitas_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Resistivitas listrik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">Resistivitas listrik</span></a><span lang="SV"> =
(20 °C) 417 n</span>Ω<span lang="SV">·m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">20.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal"><span lang="SV">Konduktivitas termal</span></a><span lang="SV"> = (300 K) 24.4 W/(m·K)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">21.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koefisien_ekspansi_termal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Koefisien ekspansi termal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="PT-BR">Ekspansi termal</span></a><span lang="PT-BR"> =
(25 °C) 11.0 µm/(m·K)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">22.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecepatan_suara"><span lang="PT-BR">Kecepatan suara</span></a><span lang="PT-BR"> (kawat tipis) =
(20 °C) 3420 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter_per_detik" title="Meter per detik"><span lang="PT-BR">m/s</span></a><span lang="PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="PT-BR">Sifat Kimia Atimon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="PT-BR">Reaksi dengan air<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">Ketika</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hps">antimon</span> <span class="hps">panas</span> <span class="hps">merah akan</span> <span class="hps">bereaksi</span>
<span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">air</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span>
<span class="hps">membentuk</span> <span class="hps">antimon</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>III) <span class="hps">trioksid</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="DA">a</span></span><span lang="DA">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1040" style='position:absolute;
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 203px; margin-top: 0px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251658240;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1040" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hps">2Sb</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">3H<sub>2</sub>O</span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">3H<sub>2</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>g)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DA">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="DA">Reaksi dengan udara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="DA">Ketika</span></span><span lang="DA"> <span class="hps">antimon</span> <span class="hps">dipanaskan</span> <span class="hps">akan bereaksi</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">oksigen</span> <span class="hps">di</span>
<span class="hps">udara</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span> <span class="hps">formulir</span>
<span class="hps">trioksida</span> <span class="hps">antimon</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>III).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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id="_x0000_s1041" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251659264'
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251659264;"><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; left: 167px; position: absolute; top: -2px; width: 63px;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1041" width="63" /></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="DA">
4Sb</span></span><span lang="DA"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">3O<sub>2</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DA">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="DA">Reaksi dengan halogen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="DA">Antimon</span></span><span lang="DA"> <span class="hps">bereaksi</span> <span class="hps">dalam kondisi yang terkendali</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">semua</span> <span class="hps">halogen</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span>
<span class="hps">membentuk</span> <span class="hps">antimon</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>III) <span class="hps">dihalides</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1042" style='position:absolute;
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 143px; margin-top: 7px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251660288;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1042" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps">2Sb</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">3F<sub>2</sub></span><sub>
</sub><span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2SbF<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1043" style='position:absolute;
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 155px; margin-top: 4px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251661312;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1043" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps">2Sb</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">3Cl<sub>2</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2SbCl<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1044" style='position:absolute;
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 155px; margin-top: 0px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251662336;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1044" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps">2Sb</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">3Br<sub>2</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>g)
<span class="hps">2SbBr<sub>3</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1045" style='position:absolute;
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 143px; margin-top: 8px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251663360;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1045" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps">2Sb</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">3I<sub>2</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2SbI<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="hps">4.
Reaksi</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">asam</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="hps">Antimon</span> <span class="hps">larut</span> <span class="hps">dalam</span> <span class="hps">asam</span> <span class="hps">sulfat</span>
<span class="hps">pekat</span> <span class="hps">panas</span> <span class="hps">atau</span>
<span class="hps">asam</span> <span class="hps">nitrat</span>, <span class="hps">untuk</span>
<span class="hps">membentuk</span> <span class="hps">solusi</span> <span class="hps">yang
mengandung</span> <span class="hps">Sb</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>III). <span class="hps">Reaksi</span> <span class="hps">asam</span> <span class="hps">sulfat</span>
<span class="hps">menghasilkan</span> <span class="hps">sulfur</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>IV) <span class="hps">gas</span> <span class="hps">dioksida</span>.
<span class="hps">Antimon</span> <span class="hps">tidak</span> <span class="hps">bereaksi</span>
<span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">asam</span> <span class="hps">klorida</span>
<span class="hps">dalam</span> <span class="hps">ketiadaan</span> <span class="hps">oksigen</span>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b><span lang="DA">Manfaat</span></b></span><b><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="DA">Antimon dimanfaatkan dalam produksi
industri </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semikonduktor"><span lang="DA">semikonduktor</span></a><span lang="DA"> dalam produksi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioda"><span lang="DA">dioda</span></a><span lang="DA"> dan detektor
infra merah. </span><span lang="SV">Sebagai sebuah
campuran, logam semu ini meningkatkan kekuatan mekanik bahan. Manfaat yang
paling penting dari antimon adalah sebagai penguat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbal"><span lang="SV">timbal</span></a><span lang="SV"> untuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batere" title="Batere"><span lang="SV">batere</span></a><span lang="SV">. Kegunaan-kegunaan lain adalah campuran antigores, korek api, obat-obatan
dan pipa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksida"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Oksida</span></a><span lang="ES-TRAD">
dan sulfida antimon, sodium antimonat, dan antimon triklorida digunakan dalam
pembuatan senyawa tahan api, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramik"><span lang="ES-TRAD">keramik</span></a><span lang="ES-TRAD">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelas"><span lang="ES-TRAD">gelas</span></a><span lang="ES-TRAD">,
dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat"><span lang="ES-TRAD">cat</span></a><span lang="ES-TRAD">. </span><span lang="SV">Antimon sulfida alami (stibnit) diketahui telah digunakan sebagai
obat-obatan dan kosmetika dalam masa </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibel" title="Bibel"><span lang="SV">Bibel</span></a><span lang="SV">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b><span lang="SV">Bahaya Antimon</span></b></span><b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SV">Antimon dan senyawa-senyawanya adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racun" title="Racun"><span lang="SV">toksik</span></a><span lang="SV"> (meracun). Secara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klinik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Klinik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">klinis</span></a><span lang="SV">, gejala akibat
keracunan antimon hampir mirip dengan keracunan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsen"><span lang="SV">arsen</span></a><span lang="SV">. Dalam dosis
rendah, antimon menyebabkan sakit kepala dan depresi. Dalam dosis tinggi,
antimon akan mengakibatkan kematian dalam beberapa hari.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b>Senyawa antimon</b></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antimon_pentafluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Antimon pentafluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">Antimon pentafluorida</a>
SbF<sub>5</sub><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antimon_trioksida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Antimon trioksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Antimon trioksida</a> Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antimon_trihidrida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Antimon trihidrida (halaman belum tersedia)">Antimon trihidrida</a> SbH<sub>3</sub>
(<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stibina&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Stibina (halaman belum tersedia)">stibina</a>)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indium_antimonida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Indium antimonida (halaman belum tersedia)">Indium antimonida</a> (InSb)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><span lang="SV">2.5 Bismut <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SV">Bismut</span><span lang="SV"> adalah suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur_kimia"><span lang="SV">unsur kimia</span></a><span lang="SV"> yang
memiliki lambang Bi dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomor_atom"><span lang="SV">nomor atom</span></a><span lang="SV"> 83. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam">Logam</a> dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal">kristal</a> trivalen ini memiliki
sifat kimia mirip dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsen">arsen</a>
dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antimoni&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Antimoni (halaman belum tersedia)">antimoni</a>. Dari semua jenis logam,
unsur ini paling bersifat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamagnetik">diamagnetik</a>
dan merupakan unsur kedua setelah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raksa">raksa</a>
yang memiliki <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal">konduktivitas
termal</a> terendah. Senyawa bismut bebas <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbal">timbal</a> sering digunakan sebagai
bahan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmetik" title="Kosmetik">kosmetik</a>
dan dalam bidang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medis">medis</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="Bismuth crystal macro.jpg" border="0" height="94" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1037" width="125" /><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<i>Gambar 5 : Tampilan unsure bismut
lustrous reddish white (<span class="hps">putih</span><span class="shorttext"> </span><span class="hps">berkilau</span><span class="shorttext"> </span><span class="hps">kemerahan)</span><o:p></o:p></i></div>
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Bismut
(berasal dari bahasa latin <i>bisemutun</i>, dari bahasa Jerman <i>Wismuth</i>)
Pada awalnya membingungkan dengan timah dan timbal dimana bismut mempunyai
kemiripan dengan elemen itu. Basilius akhirnya menjelaskan sebagian sifatnya di
tahun 1450. Claude Francois Geoffroy menunjukkan di tahun 1753 bahwa logam ini
berbeda dengan timbal.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Di
dalam kulit bumi, bismut kira-kira dua kali lebih berlimpah dari pada
emas.Biasanya tidak ekonomis bila menjadikannya sebagai tambang utama. Melainkan
biasanya diproduksi sebagai sampingan pemrosesan biji logam lainnya misalnya
timbal, tungsten dan campuran logam lainnya.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Bismut
terdapat dialam sebagai bijih sulfide dan Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3 </sub>(bismuth
glance) dan dalam bijih tembaga, timah dan timbel. Bismut dapat diperoleh dari
bijih dengan proses yang sederhana yaitu dipanggang untuk memperoleh
oksidasinya Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> kemudian direduksi dengan karbon atau
dengan H<sub>2</sub>. Bismut yang terdapat dalam senyawanya dengan tingkat
oksidasi +3 dan +5. Senyawa bismuth dengan tingkat oksidasi +5 (NaBiO<sub>3</sub>,
BiF<sub>5</sub>) bersifat oksidator kuat. <span lang="SV">Semua garam bismuth (III) halida dapat dijumpai namun hanya BeF<sub>3</sub>
yang ditemui sebahai garam. Seperti halnya pada timah dan timbel, bismut (III)
lebih stabil dari pada bismut (V).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b>Sifat-sifat </b></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Diantara
logam berat lainnya, bismut tidak berbahaya seperti unsur-unsur lain seperti
Timbal, Thallium and Antimon. Dulunya, bismut juga diakui sebagai elemen dengan
isotop yang stabil, tapi sekarang sekarang diketahui bahwa itu tidak benar. Tidak
ada material lain yang lebih natural diamakentik dibandingkan bismut. Bismut
mempunyai tahanan listrik yang tinggi. <span lang="SV">Ketika terbakar dengan oksigen, bismut terbakar dengan nyala yang berwarna
biru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="SV">Sifat Fisika Bismut<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_atom"><span lang="SV">Massa atom</span></a> <span lang="SV"> = </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-25_kg&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-25 kg (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">208.98040</span></a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_elements_by_atomic_mass&action=edit&redlink=1" title="List of elements by atomic mass (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">(1)</span></a><span lang="SV"> g/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron"><span lang="SV">Konfigurasi elektron</span></a> <span lang="SV"> =
[</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>]
4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 6p<sup>3</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Jumlah
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron">elektron</a> tiap <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tingkat_energi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tingkat energi (halaman belum tersedia)">kulit</a> = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5<span lang="PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">Fase</a> = <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a><span lang="PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_jenis"><span lang="FI">Massa jenis</span></a><span lang="FI"> (sekitar </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu_kamar"><span lang="FI">suhu kamar</span></a><span lang="FI">) = 9.78 g/cm³<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_jenis"><span lang="PT-BR">Massa jenis</span></a><span lang="PT-BR"> cair pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_lebur"><span lang="PT-BR">titik lebur</span></a> <span lang="PT-BR"> = 10.05 g/cm³<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_lebur"><span lang="DE">Titik lebur</span></a> <span lang="DE"> = 544.7 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin"><span lang="DE">K</span></a><span lang="DE"> (271.5 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius"><span lang="DE">C</span></a><span lang="DE">, 520.7 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit"><span lang="DE">F</span></a><span lang="DE">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_didih"><span lang="DE">Titik didih</span></a> <span lang="DE"> = 1837 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin"><span lang="DE">K</span></a><span lang="DE"> (1564 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius"><span lang="DE">C</span></a><span lang="DE">, 2847 °</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit"><span lang="DE">F</span></a><span lang="DE">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalor_peleburan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kalor peleburan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kalor peleburan</a> = 11.30 kJ/mol<span lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="DE">10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalor_penguapan" title="Kalor penguapan">Kalor
penguapan</a> =
151 kJ/mol<span lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI">11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapasitas_kalor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kapasitas kalor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="FI">Kapasitas kalor</span></a> <span lang="FI"> =
(25 °C) 25.52 J/(mol·K)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktur_kristal"><span lang="SV">Struktur kristal</span></a> <span lang="SV"> =
Rhombohedral<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi"><span lang="SV">Bilangan oksidasi</span></a> <span lang="SV"> =
3, 5 (mildly </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Acid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">acidic</span></a><span lang="SV"> oxide)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari-jari_atom"><span lang="SV">Jari-jari atom</span></a> <span lang="SV"> =
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">160</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer"><span lang="SV">pm</span></a><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">15.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitas"><span lang="SV">Elektronegativitas</span></a> <span lang="SV"> =
2.02 (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skala_Pauling&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Skala Pauling (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">skala Pauling</span></a><span lang="SV">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">16.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari-jari_atom"><span lang="SV">Jari-jari atom</span></a><span lang="SV"> (terhitung) =
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)">143</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">17.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jari-jari_kovalen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jari-jari kovalen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">Jari-jari kovalen</span></a> <span lang="SV"> =
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" title="1 E-10 m (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">146</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer"><span lang="SV">pm</span></a><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">18.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme"><span lang="SV">Sifat magnetik</span></a><span lang="SV"> =
</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diamagnetism&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Diamagnetism (halaman belum tersedia)">diamagnetic</a><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">19.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Resistivitas_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Resistivitas listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">Resistivitas listrik</a> = (20 °C) 1.29 µΩ·m<span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">20.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal">Konduktivitas termal</a> = (300 K) 7.97 W/(m·K)<span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">21.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koefisien_ekspansi_termal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Koefisien ekspansi termal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV">Ekspansi termal</span></a> <span lang="SV"> =
(25 °C) 13.4 µm/(m·K)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">22.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecepatan_suara"><span lang="SV">Kecepatan suara</span></a><span lang="SV"> (kawat tipis) =
(20 °C) 1790 </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter_per_detik" title="Meter per detik">m/s</a><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV">Berdasarkan sifat medan magnet atomis,
bahan dibagi menjadi tiga golongan, yaitu diamagnetik, paramagnetik dan
ferromagnetik.Berikut akan djelaskan tentang ketiga sifat dari kemagnetan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV">a.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> </span><span lang="SV">Diamagnetik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV">Bahan diamagnetik adalah bahan yang
resultan medan magnet atomis masing-masing atom atau molekulnya nol, tetapi
orbit dan spinnya tidak nol. Bahan diamagnetik tidak mempunyai momen dipol
magnet permanen. Jika bahan diamagnetik diberi medan magnet luar, maka
elektron-elektron dalam atom akan berubah gerakannya sedemikian hingga
menghasilkan resultan medan magnet atomis yang arahnya berlawanan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV">Sifat diamagnetik bahan ditimbulkan oleh
gerak orbital elektron sehingga semua bahan bersifat diamagnetik karena atomnya
mempunyai elektron orbital. Bahan dapat bersifat magnet apabila susunan atom
dalam bahan tersebut mempunyai spin elektron yang tidak berpasangan. Dalam
bahan diamagnetik hampir semua spin elektron berpasangan, akibatnya bahan ini
tidak menarik garis gaya. Permeabilitas bahan diamagnetik adalah 0</span>μμ<span lang="SV"><>m</span>χ<span lang="SV">. Contoh bahan diamagnetik yaitu: bismut, perak,
emas, tembaga dan seng. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV">Bahan diagmanetik memiliki negatif,
kerentanan lemah untuk medan magnet. bahan Diamagnetic sedikit ditolak oleh
medan magnet dan materi tidak mempertahankan sifat magnetik ketika bidang
eksternal dihapus. Dalam bahan diamagnetic semua elektron dipasangkan sehingga
tidak ada magnet permanen saat bersih per atom<span class="google-src-text">.</span>
sifat Diamagnetic timbul dari penataan kembali dari orbit elektron di bawah
pengaruh medan magnet luar. Sebagian besar unsur dalam tabel periodik, termasuk
tembaga, perak, dan emas, adalah diamagnetic. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV">Diamagnetisme adalah sifat suatu benda
untuk menciptakan suatu medan magnet ketika dikenai</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medan_magnet" title="Medan magnet"></a><span lang="SV"> medan magnet .Sifat ini menyebabkan efek
tolak menolak. Diamagnetik adalah salah satu bentuk magnet yang cukup lemah,
dengan pengecualian </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superkonduktor" title="Superkonduktor"></a><span lang="SV">superkonduktor
yang memiliki kekuatan magnet yang kuat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV">Semua material menunjukkan peristiwa diamagnetik
ketika berada dalam medan magnet. Oleh karena itu, diamagnetik adalah peristiwa
yang umum terjadi karena pasangan elektron </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pasangan_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pasangan elektron (halaman belum tersedia)"></a><span lang="SV">, termasuk elektron inti di atom, selalu
menghasilkan peristiwa diamagnetik yang lemah. Namun demikian, kekuatan magnet
material</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material"></a><span lang="SV"> diamagnetik jauh lebih lemah dibandingkan
kekuatan magnet material feromagnetik </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feromagnetik" title="Feromagnetik"></a><span lang="SV">ataupun paramagnetik. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramagnetik" title="Paramagnetik"></a>Material
yang disebut diamagnetik umumnya berupa benda yang disebut 'non-magnetik',
termasuk di antaranya air<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air"></a>,
kayu<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu"></a>, senyawa
organik <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyawa_organik" title="Senyawa organik"></a>seperti minyak bumi dan beberapa jenis plastik serta
beberapa logam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam"></a>seperti
tembaga, merkuri <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkuri" title="Merkuri"></a>,emas
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emas" title="Emas"></a>dan bismut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut"></a>.Superkonduktor <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superkonduktor" title="Superkonduktor"></a>adalah
contoh diamagnetik sempurna.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IT">Ciri-ciri dari bahan diamagnetic adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
•<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 96.0%;" valign="top" width="96%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Bahan yang resultan <st1:city w:st="on">medan</st1:city> magnet atomis
masing-masing atom/molekulnya adalah nol.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
•<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 96.0%;" valign="top" width="96%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Jika solenoida dirnasukkan bahan
ini, induksi magnetik yang timbul lebih kecil.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
•<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 96.0%;" valign="top" width="96%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Permeabilitas bahan ini: u
<> o.<br />
<i>Contoh:</i> Bismuth, tembaga, emas, perak, seng, garam dapur.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
b.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span>Paramagnetik<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bahan
paramagnetik adalah bahan yang resultan <st1:city w:st="on">medan</st1:city>
magnet atomis masing-masing atom/molekulnya tidak nol, tetapi resultan <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnet atomis total
seluruh atom/molekul dalam bahan nol (Halliday & Resnick, 1989). Hal ini
disebabkan karena gerakan atom/molekul acak, sehingga resultan <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnet atomis
masing-masing atom saling meniadakan. Bahan ini jika diberi <st1:city w:st="on">medan</st1:city>
magnet luar, maka elektron-elektronnya akan berusaha sedemikian rupa sehingga
resultan <st1:city w:st="on">medan</st1:city> magnet atomisnya searah dengan <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnet luar. Sifat
paramagnetik ditimbulkan oleh momen magnetik spin yang menjadi terarah oleh <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnet luar. Pada
bahan ini, efek diamagnetik (efek timbulnya <st1:city w:st="on">medan</st1:city>
magnet yang melawan <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place>
magnet penyebabnya) dapat timbul, tetapi pengaruhnya sangat kecil. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Permeabilitas
bahan paramagnetik adalah 0μμ>, dan suseptibilitas magnetik bahannya .0><i>m</i>χ
contoh bahan paramagnetik: alumunium, magnesium, wolfram dan sebagainya. Bahan
diamagnetik dan paramagnetik mempunyai sifat kemagnetan yang lemah. Perubahan <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnet dengan adanya
bahan tersebut tidaklah besar apabila digunakan sebagai pengisi kumparan
toroida. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bahan
paramagnetik ada yang positif,
kerentanan kecil untuk <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place>
magnet.<span class="google-src-text">.</span> Bahan-bahan ini sedikit tertarik
oleh <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place>
magnet dan materi yang tidak mempertahankan sifat magnetik ketika bidang
eksternal dihapus<span class="google-src-text">.</span> sifat paramagnetik adalah
karena adanya beberapa elektron tidak berpasangan, dan dari penataan kembali
elektron orbit disebabkan oleh <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place>
magnet eksternal. bahan paramagnetik termasuk Magnesium, molybdenum, lithium,
dan tantalum<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Paramagnetisme
adalah suatu bentuk magnetisme yang hanya terjadi karena adanya <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnet <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medan_magnet" title="Medan magnet"></a>eksternal.
Material paramagnetik tertarik oleh <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place>
magnet, dan karenanya memiliki permeabilitas <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permeabilitas_%28elektromagnetisme%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Permeabilitas (elektromagnetisme) (halaman belum tersedia)"></a>magnetis
relatif lebih besar dari satu (atau, dengan kata lain, suseptibilitas magnetik
positif). Meskipun demikian, tidak seperti ferromagnet<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferromagnet" title="Ferromagnet"></a> yang
juga tertarik oleh <st1:city w:st="on">medan</st1:city> magnet, paramagnet
tidak mempertahankan magnetismenya sewaktu <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnet eksternal tak lagi diterapkan.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IT">Ciri-ciri dari bahan paramagnetic adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
•<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 96.0%;" valign="top" width="96%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Bahan yang resultan <st1:city w:st="on">medan</st1:city> magnet atomis
masing-masing atom/molekulnya adalah tidak nol.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
•<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 96.0%;" valign="top" width="96%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Jika solenoida dimasuki bahan ini
akan dihasilkan induksi magnetik yang lebih besar.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
•<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 96.0%;" valign="top" width="96%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Permeabilitas bahan: u > u o.<br />
<i>Contoh:</i> aluminium, magnesium, wolfram, platina, kayu<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
c.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span>Ferromagnetik<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bahan
ferromagnetik adalah bahan yang mempunyai resultan <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> atomis besar (Halliday & Resnick,
1989). Hal ini terutama disebabkan oleh momen magnetik spin elektron. Pada
bahan ferromagnetik banyak spin elektron yang tidak berpasangan, misalnya pada
atom besi terdapat empat buah spin elektron yang tidak berpasangan.
Masing-masing spin elektron yang tidak berpasangan ini akan memberikan <st1:city w:st="on">medan</st1:city> magnetik, sehingga total <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnetik yang dihasilkan oleh suatu
atom lebih besar. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<st1:place w:st="on">Medan</st1:place> magnet dari
masing-masing atom dalam bahan ferromagnetik sangat kuat, sehingga interaksi
diantara atom-atom tetangganya menyebabkan sebagian besar atom akan
mensejajarkan diri membentuk kelompok-kelompok. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Kelompok
atom yang mensejajarkan dirinya dalam suatu daerah dinamakan domain. Bahan
feromagnetik sebelum diberi <st1:city w:st="on">medan</st1:city> magnet luar
mempunyai domain yang momen magnetiknya kuat, tetapi momen magnetik ini
mempunyai arah yang berbeda-beda dari satu domain ke domain yang lain sehingga <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnet yang
dihasilkan tiap domain saling meniadakan. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bahan
ini jika diberi <st1:city w:st="on">medan</st1:city> magnet dari luar, maka
domain-domain ini akan mensejajarkan diri searah dengan <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnet dari luar. Semakin kuat <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnetnya semakin
banyak domain-domain yang mensejajarkan dirinya. Akibatnya <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnet dalam bahan ferromagnetik akan
semakin kuat. Setelah seluruh domain terarahkan, penambahan <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnet luar tidak memberi pengaruh
apa-apa karena tidak ada lagi domain yang disearahkan. Keadaan ini dinamakan
jenuh atau keadaan saturasi. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Permeabilitas
bahan ferromagnetik adalah 0μμ>>> dan suseptibilitas bahannya
0>>><i>m</i>χ. contoh bahan ferromagnetik : besi, baja, besi silicon
dan lain-lain. Sifat kemagnetan bahan ferromagnetik ini akan hilang pada
temperatur yang disebut Temperatur Currie. Temperatur Curie untuk besi lemah
adalah 770 <sup>0</sup>C dan untuk baja adalah 1043 <sup>0</sup>C.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bahan
ferromagnetik ada yang positif,
kerentanan besar untuk <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place>
magnet luar. Mereka menunjukkan daya tarik yang kuat untuk <st1:place w:st="on">medan</st1:place> magnet dan mampu mempertahankan sifat
magnetik mereka setelah bidang eksternal telah dihapus bahan. Ferromagnetik
memiliki elektron tidak berpasangan sehingga atom mereka memiliki momen magnet
bersih. <span lang="SV">Mereka mendapatkan magnet
yang kuat sifat mereka karena keberadaan domain magnetik. Dalam domain ini,
sejumlah besar di saat-saat atom <sup>(</sup>10<sup>12 sampai </sup>10<sup>15)</sup>
adalah sejajar paralel sehingga gaya magnet dalam domain yang kuat. Ketika
bahan feromagnetik dalam keadaan unmagnitized, wilayah hampir secara acak
terorganisir dan medan magnet bersih untuk bagian yang secara keseluruhan
adalah nol.<span class="google-src-text">.</span> Ketika kekuatan magnetizing
diberikan, domain menjadi selaras untuk menghasilkan medan magnet yang kuat
dalam bagian.<span class="google-src-text">.</span> Besi, nikel, dan kobalt
adalah contoh bahan feromagnetik<span class="google-src-text">.</span> Komponen
dengan materi-materi ini biasanya diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode partikel
magnetik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Ferromagnetisme
adalah sebuah fenomena dimana sebuah material dapat mengalami magnetisasi secara
spontan, dan merupakan satu dari bentuk kemagnetan yang paling kuat. <span lang="SV">Fenomena inilah yang dapat menjelaskan
kelakuan magnet yang kita jumpai sehari-hari. Ferromagnetisme dan
ferromagnetisme merupakan dasar untuk menjelaskan fenomena magnet permanen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IT">Ciri-ciri bahan ferromagnetic adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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•<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span lang="SV">Bahan yang mempunyai resultan medan magnetis atomis besar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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•<o:p></o:p></div>
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Tetap bersifat magnetik → sangat
baik sebagai magnet permanen<o:p></o:p></div>
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•<o:p></o:p></div>
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Jika solenoida diisi bahan ini
akan dihasilkan induksi magnetik sangat besar (bisa ribuan kali).Permeabilitas
bahan ini: u > uo ( miu > miu nol)<br />
<i>Contoh:</i> besi, baja, besi silikon, nikel, kobalt.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="SV">Sifat Kimia Bismut<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="SV">Reaksi</span></span><span lang="SV"> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">air</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1046" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251664384' from="189pt,47.85pt" to="234pt,47.85pt">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 251px; margin-top: 58px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251664384;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1046" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="SV">Ketika</span></span><span lang="SV"> <span class="hps">bismut</span> <span class="hps">panas</span>
<span class="hps">merah</span> <span class="hps">bereaksi</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span>
<span class="hps">air</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span> <span class="hps">membentuk</span>
<span class="hps">bismut</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>III) <span class="hps">trioksida</span>.<br />
<span class="hps">2Bi</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">3H<sub>2</sub>O</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">3H<sub>2</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>g)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">Reaksi</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">udara</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">Setelah</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hps">pemanasan</span> <span class="hps">bismut</span> <span class="hps">bereaksi</span> <span class="hps">dengan
oksigen</span> <span class="hps">di</span> <span class="hps">udara</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span> <span class="hps">formulir</span> <span class="hps">trioksida</span>
<span class="hps">bismut</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>III).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line
id="_x0000_s1047" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251665408'
from="171pt,4.7pt" to="3in,4.7pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 227px; margin-top: 0px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251665408;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1047" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR"> 4Bi</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">3O<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">Reaksi</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">halogen</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">Bismut</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hps">bereaksi</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">fluor</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span>
<span class="hps">membentuk</span> <span class="hps">bismut</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>V) <span class="hps">fluoride</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line
id="_x0000_s1048" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251666432'
from="171pt,5.6pt" to="3in,5.6pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 227px; margin-top: 1px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251666432;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1048" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR"> 2Bi</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">5F<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2BiF<sub>5</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">Bismut</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hps">bereaksi</span> <span class="hps">dalam kondisi yang terkendali</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">halogen</span> <span class="hps">fluorin</span>, <span class="hps">klorin</span>
<span class="hps">bromin</span>, <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">iodin</span>
<span class="hps">bismut</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>III) <span class="hps">trihalides</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">Reaksi</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hps">dengan</span> <span class="hps">asam</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1049" style='position:absolute;
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251667456;"><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; left: 155px; position: absolute; top: -1px; width: 63px;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1049" width="63" /></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">2Bi</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span>
<span class="hps">3F<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2BiF<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1050" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251668480' from="117pt,10.1pt" to="162pt,10.1pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 155px; margin-top: 7px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251668480;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1050" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">2Bi</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span>
<span class="hps">3Cl<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2BiCl<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1051" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251669504' from="117pt,7.4pt" to="162pt,7.4pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 155px; margin-top: 4px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251669504;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1051" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">2Bi</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span>
<span class="hps">3Br<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2BiBr<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1052" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251670528' from="117pt,4.7pt" to="162pt,4.7pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 155px; margin-top: 0px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251670528;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1052" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">2Bi</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span>
<span class="hps">3I<sub>2</sub></span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">2BiI<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>s)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="SV">Bismut</span></span><span lang="SV"> <span class="hps">larut</span> <span class="hps">dalam</span> <span class="hps">asam</span> <span class="hps">sulfat</span>
<span class="hps">pekat</span> <span class="hps">atau</span> <span class="hps">asam</span>
<span class="hps">nitrat</span>, <span class="hps">untuk</span> <span class="hps">membentuk</span>
<span class="hps">solusi</span> <span class="hps">yang mengandung</span> <span class="hps">Bi</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>III). </span><span class="hps"><span lang="PT-BR">Reaksi</span></span><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hps">asam</span> <span class="hps">sulfat</span> <span class="hps">menghasilkan</span> <span class="hps">sulfur</span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>IV) <span class="hps">gas</span> <span class="hps">dioksida</span>.
<span class="hps">Dengan</span> <span class="hps">asam</span> <span class="hps">klorida</span>
<span class="hps">dalam</span> <span class="hps">kehadiran</span> <span class="hps">oksigen</span>,
<span class="hps">bismut</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>III) <span class="hps">klorida</span>
<span class="hps">yang dihasilkan</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1053" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251671552' from="225pt,7.2pt" to="270pt,7.2pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 299px; margin-top: 4px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251671552;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1053" width="63" /></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="PT-BR"> <span class="hps">4Bi</span> <span class="hpsatn">(</span>s) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">3O<sub>2</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>g) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">12HCl</span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>aq) <span class="hps">4BiCl<sub>3</sub></span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>aq) <span class="hps">+</span> <span class="hps">6H<sub>2</sub>O</span>
<span class="hpsatn">(</span>l)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><b><span lang="PT-BR">Kegunaan</span></b></span><b><span lang="PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="PT-BR">Bismut
oxychloride digunakan dalam bidang kosmetik dan bismut subnitrate dan subcarbonate
digunakan dalam bidang obat-obatan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Magnet permanen yang kuat bisa dibuat dari
campuran bismanol (MnBi)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Bismut digunakan dalam produksi besi lunak<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Bismut sedang dikembangkan sebagai katalis dalam
pembuatan acrilic fiber<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Bismut telah duganakan dalam peyolderan, bismut
rendah racun terutama untuk penyolderan dalam pemrosesan peralatan makanan.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Sebagai bahan lapisan kaca keramik<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Aloi bismuth dengan timbel dan antimony
digunakan untuk piringan pita stereo/tiruan<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-656756132094660912014-10-27T07:53:00.000+08:002014-10-27T07:56:57.658+08:00Test psychopath<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ini adalah cerita
seorang gadis.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Pada saat ada di
upacara pemakaman ibunya yang baru meninggal, dia bertemu dengan seorang laki-laki yang belum pernah
dia kenal sebelumnya. Dia sungguh
tertarik dengan lelaki ini. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Lelaki ini adalah pria idaman yang selalu dia impikan sejak
dulu sehingga dia langsung jatuh
cinta. Tapi sayang sekali setelah itu
laki-laki tadi menghilang dan gadis
tersebut tidak pernah<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
bertemu dengan lelaki itu lagi. Beberapa hari setelahnya, ada kejadian
heboh. Gadis ini membunuh kakak
perempuan kandungnya.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
PERTANYAAN: Apa motif
pembunuhan ini?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
JAWABAN YANG “BENAR”:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Gadis ini berharap
bahwa lelaki idamannya akan muncul lagi di pemakaman kakak perempuannya.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
**************************************************************************************************************************<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Jika jawabanmu
benar,! berarti kamu telah berpikir seperti seorang psikopat.
Tes ini dibuat oleh seorang psikolog Amerika yang terkenal. Tes diberikan untuk <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
mengetahui apakah seseorang memiliki mentalitas sebagai seorang pembunuh atau tidak. Banyak narapidana kasus pembunuhan disuruh
menjawab tes ini, dan <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
jawabannya benar.
Jika jawabanmu salah, ini sungguh baik.
Jika ada salah satu teman yang betul dalam menjawab, kamu perlu
berpikir untuk menjauhi orang tersebut.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
*************************************************************************************************************************<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ayo, jawaban kamu
benar apa salah??<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-83676842820389664952014-10-27T07:42:00.000+08:002014-10-27T07:45:30.185+08:00Cinta, Cinta dan Cinta<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Cinta itu seperti kupu-kupu. Tambah dikejar, tambah lari. Tapi
kalau<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">dibiarkan terbang, dia akan datang disaat kamu tidak
mengharapkannya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Cinta dapat membuatmu bahagia tapi sering juga bikin sedih, tapi
cinta baru berharga kalau diberikan kepada seseorang yang menghargainya. Jadi
jangan terburu-buru dan pilih yang terbaik.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Cinta bukan bagaimana menjadi pasangan yang "sempurna"
bagi seseorang. Tapi bagaimana menemukan seseorang yang dapat membantumu
menjadi dirimu sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Jangan pernah bilang "I love you" kalau kamu tidak
perduli. Jangan pernah membicarakan perasaan yang tidak pernah ada. Jangan
pernah menyentuh hidup seseorang kalau hal itu akan menghancurkan hatinya.
Jangan pernah menatap matanya kalau semua yang kamu lakukan hanya berbohong.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Hal paling kejam yang seseorang lakukan kepada orang lain adalah<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">membiarkannya jatuh cinta, sementara kamu tidak berniat untuk<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">menangkapnya...<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Cinta bukan "Ini salah kamu", tapi "Ma'afkan
aku". Bukan "Kamu dimana sih?", tapi "Aku disini". Bukan
"Gimana sih kamu?", tapi "Aku ngerti kok". <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Bukan "Coba kamu gak kayak gini", tapi "Aku cinta
kamu seperti kamu apa adanya".<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Kompatibilitas yang paling benar bukan diukur berdasarkan berapa
lama kalian sudah bersama maupun berapa sering kalian bersama, tapi apakah
selama kalian bersama, kalian selalu saling mengisi satu sama lain dan saling
membuat<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">hidup yang berkualitas.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Kesedihan dan kerinduan hanya terasa selama yang kamu inginkan
dan menyayat sedalam yang kamu ijinkan. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Yang berat bukan bagaimana caranya menanggulangi kesedihan dan
kerinduan itu, tapi bagaimana belajar darinya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Caranya jatuh cinta: jatuh tapi jangan terhuyung-huyung,
konsisten tapi<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">jangan memaksa, berbagi dan jangan bersikap tidak adil, mengerti
dan cobalah<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">untuk tidak banyak menuntut, sedih tapi jangan pernah simpan
kesedihan itu.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;">Memang sakit
melihat orang yang kamu cintai sedang berbahagia dengan orang </span><span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;">lain tapi lebih
sakit lagi kalau orang yang kamu cintai itu tidak berbahagia bersama kamu.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Cinta akan menyakitkan ketika kamu berpisah dengan seseorang
lebih<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">menyakitkan apabila kamu dilupakan oleh kekasihMu, tapi cinta
akan lebih menyakitkan lagi apabila seseorang yang kamu sayangi tidak tahu apa
yang sesungguhnya kamu rasakan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Yang paling menyedihkan dalam hidup adalah menemukan seseorang
dan jatuh cinta, hanya untuk menemukan bahwa dia bukan untuk kamu dan kamu
sudah menghabiskan banyak waktu untuk orang yang tidak pernah menghargainya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Kalau dia tidak "worth it" sekarang, dia tidak akan
pernah "worth it"<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Kabel Bk BT', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">setahun lagi ataupun 10 tahun lagi. Biarkan dia pergi...</span><span style="color: magenta;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-43149515323767809522014-10-27T07:36:00.001+08:002014-10-27T07:40:04.515+08:00Kejujuran<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1>
<br /></h1>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Suatu hari ada
seorang tukang kayu sedang menebang kayu di hutan, dan tidak sengaja kapaknya
jatuh ke jurang. Si tukang kayunya sedih soalnya itu kapak satu-satunya
walaupun sudah tua umurnya. Pas lagi sedih-sedihnya datang seorang malaikat : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Malaikat : Hei ..
tukang kayu, kamu kenapa kog sedih sekali ? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Tukang kayu : Iya
nih malaikat, saya punya kapak satu-satunya jatuh ke jurang, gimana saya bisa
nebang pohon lagi ? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Malaikat : Oh ..
gitu, ok kamu jangan sedih saya akan bantu ambilkan. Kemudian Malaikat tsb
turun ke bawah jurang, dan dia ingin mengetes kejujuran si tukang kayu tersebut
dengan memberikan kapak yang lain, yang pertama dikasihkan kapak dari emas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Malaikat : Pak
ini bukan kapaknya ? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Tukang kayu :
bukan ... bukan, kapak saya jelek kog. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Kemudian Malaikat
tersebut kasih kapak yang kedua yang terbuat dari perak. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">tukang kayu :
bukan juga, yang punya saya sudah jelek kapaknya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Malaikat tersebut
senang karena tukang kayu ini jujur, dan dia ngomong : He tukang kayu, karena
kamu jujur orangnya saya akan kasih kamu 3 kapak lagi yang baru. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pas pulang ke
rumah, si tukang kayu cerita sama istrinya. Besoknya si tukang kayu dan
istrinya ke hutan untuk melihat tempat dia ketemu dengan malaikat tersebut.
Saking hebohnya, si istrinya jatuh juga ke jurang, terus si tukang kayu sedih
lagi. Datang lagi malaikatnya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Malaikat :
Lho..kamu kenapa, kog sedih lagi ? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Tukang kayu : Iya
nih, istri saya jatuh ke jurang, saya sedih sekali karena dia istri
satu-satunya. Terus malaikat tsb bantu untuk turun ke jurang lagi mencari
istrinya. Malaikatnya ingin ngetes lagi sama tukang kayunya, dengan memberikan
Sophia Latjuba ke tukang kayunya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Malaikat : he
tukang kayu, ini bukan istrinya ? tukang kayu : (agak gugup) .. hmm, iya! yah!
dia istri saya. Karena tukang kayunya
berbohong si malaikatnya sedih. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Malaikat :
(sedih) .. kog kamu tidak jujur dan berbohong pada saya ? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Tukang kayu :
(membela diri) .. Iya .. soalnya kalau saya jujur, nanti saya dikasih 3 istri
lagi ..... <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Malaikat :
Oh...??! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-21811898076166202392014-10-24T08:21:00.001+08:002014-10-24T08:21:30.027+08:00 RPP 2 KELAS, DAN 2 MATA PELAJARAN<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-insideh: none; mso-border-insidev: none; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Satuan Pendidikan</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 260.5pt;" valign="top" width="347">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">SMP</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> ... <i>(isi dengan nama SMP)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Mata Pelajaran</span></b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">/ <b>Kelas</b></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">/semester</span></b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 260.5pt;" valign="top" width="347">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Matematika</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">/kelas
VIII/semester I</span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bahasa Indonesia/
kelas VII/semester 1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Materi Pokok </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 260.5pt;" valign="top" width="347">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Matematika:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bahasa Indonesia:
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span>Teks
Hasil Observasi<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Alokasi Waktu</span></b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 260.5pt;" valign="top" width="347">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> 2x40 menit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -50.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Kompetensi </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Dasar dan Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">N0.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 368.55pt;" valign="top" width="491">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">Bahasa indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 344.05pt;" valign="top" width="459">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">Matematika<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">Kompetensi Dasar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">Indikator Pencapaian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">Kompetensi Dasar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" valign="top" width="223">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">Indikator Pencapaian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.2<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Menghargai
dan mensyukuri keberadaan bahasa Indonesia sebagai anugerah Tuhan Yang Maha
Esa sebagai sarana memahami informasi lisan dan tulis<span lang="IN">.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 22.95pt; mso-list: l13 level3 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.2.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia untuk sarana kegiatan
belajar di lingkungan sekolah dalam bentu<span lang="IN">k</span> lisan<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 22.95pt; mso-list: l13 level3 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.2.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->menggunakan bahasa Indonesia untuk sarana kegiatan
belajar di lingkungan sekolah dalam
bentuk tulis<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Menghargai dan menghayati ajaran
agama yang dianutnya</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" valign="top" width="223">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 37.15pt; text-indent: -37.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.1.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Menunjukkan konsistensi dalam menjalankan
ibadah sesuai agama yang dianutnya.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.1<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Memiliki perilaku jujur, tanggung jawab,
dan santun dalam menanggapi secara pribadi hal-hal atau kejadian berdasarkan
hasil observasi</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 22.95pt; mso-list: l18 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.1.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->menunjukkan perilaku jujur dalam menanggapi hal-hal
atau kejadian<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 22.95pt; mso-list: l18 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.1.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->menunjukkan perilaku tanggung jawab dalam menanggapi
hal-hal atau kejadian<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 22.95pt; mso-list: l18 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.1.3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->menunjukkan perilaku santun dalam menanggapi hal-hal atau kejadian<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -5.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 44.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.95pt; text-indent: -22.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Memiliki <span lang="EN-GB">rasa</span> ingin tahu, percaya diri, dan ketertarikan pada matematika
serta memiliki rasa percaya pada daya dan kegunaan matematika, yang terbentuk
melalui pengalaman belajar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.95pt; text-indent: -22.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Memiliki sikap terbuka, santun, objektif,
menghargai pendapat dan karya teman dalam interaksi kelompok maupun aktivitas
sehari-hari.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" valign="top" width="223">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span lang="IN">2.2.1.Menunjukkan perilaku pantang menyerah dalam menyelesaikan masalah
matematika yang diberikan.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; text-indent: -26.75pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.2.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Menunjukkan perilaku senang dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika
terkai t masalah nyata.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.3.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Menunjukan sikap terbuka menerima
pendapat.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.3.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Menunjukan sikap santun dalam
mengemukakan pendapat.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 30.05pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.1<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Memahami teks hasil observasi,
tanggapan deskriptif, eksposisi, eksplanasi, dan cerita pendek baik melalui
lisan maupun tulisan<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 22.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.1.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->menjelaskan struktur teks hasil obeservasi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 22.95pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB">3.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Menentukan nilai variabel persamaan linear dua
variabel dalam konteks nyata <span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" valign="top" width="223">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.2.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Menentukan nilai variabel-variabel yang
memenuhi persamaan dua variabel.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.2.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Menentukan nilai variabel-variabel yang
memenuhi persamaan dua variabel dalam konteks nyata.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN">4.1.
Menangkap makna teks hasil observasi, tanggapan deskriptif, eksposisi,
eksplanasi, dan cerita pendek baik secara lisan maupun tulisan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 37.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.1.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->memaknai kata dan
istilah dalam teks hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.6pt; text-indent: -28.6pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB">4.1<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Membuat dan menyelesaikan model matematika dari masalah nyata yang
berkaitan dengan persamaan linear dua variabel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" valign="top" width="223">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 30.05pt; text-indent: -30.05pt;">
<span lang="IN">4.1.1. Mengkronstruksi model matematika dari masalah
nyata terkait persamaan dua variabel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 30.05pt; text-indent: -30.05pt;">
<span lang="IN">4.1.2. Menyelesaikan model matematika terkait persamaan
dua variabel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 30.05pt; text-indent: -30.05pt;">
<span lang="IN">4.1.3. Menyimpulkan hasil penyelesaian model dalam
wujud komunikasi matematika.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tujuan Pembelajaran.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: -1.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">No<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bahasa Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Matematika<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Siswa </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia untuk memahami
informasi secara lisan dan tulis
sebagai bentuk dari rasa </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">menghargai
dan mensyukuri keberadaan bahasa Indonesia sebagai anugerah Tuhan Yang Maha
Esa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diberikan
masalah matematika, siswa menunjukkan perilaku pantang menyerah dalam mencari
solusi masalah <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Siswa menunjukkan perilaku jujur dalam menanggapi hal-hal atau
kejadian</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diberikan
masalah nyata, siswa menunjukkan perilaku antusias dalam memecahkannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Siswa menunjukkan perilaku tanggung jawab dalam menanggapi
hal-hal atau kejadian</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dibentuk
kelompok dan diberikan LKS untuk dikerjakan secara berkelompok, siswa
menunjukkan perilaku terbuka menerima
pendapat temannya, dan menyampaikan pendapat secara santun baik inter
kelompok maupun antar kelompok.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Siswa menunjukkan
perilaku santun dalam menanggapi
hal-hal atau kejadian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diberikan
masalah konteks, siswa dapat menuliskan definisi persamaan linier dengan
kalimatnya sendiri dan menuliskan minimal 3
bentuk umum persamaan linier yang berbeda variabelnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Diberikan model teks
hasil observasi, siswa dapat menjelaskan struktur teks hasil obeservasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diberikan
beberapa bentuk persamaan 2 variabel, siswa dapat menunjukkan persamaan yang
termasuk persamaan linier dan bukan persamaan linier 2 variabel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Diberikan model teks
hasil observasi, siswa dapat memaknai kata dan istilah yang terdapat dalam
teks hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diberikan
persamaan linier dua variabel dengan koefisien bilangan bulat, siswa dapat
menentukan nilai 1 variabel yang
memenuhi jika 1 variabel lainnya diketahui.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diberikan
masalah nyata terkait persamaan linier dua variabel, siswa dapat mengonstruk
model matematikanya, kemudian menyelesaikan dan mengkomunikasikannya dalam
wujud komunikasi matematika.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Materi
Pelajaran.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bahasa Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 53.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Struktur teks hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 53.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Ciri bahasa teks hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 53.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Makna kata dan Istilah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN">Matematika:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 53.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Persamaan linier 2 variabel.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Model/Pendekatan/Metode
Pembelajaran:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Model: Kooperatif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pendekatan: Scintefik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 184.3pt; text-indent: -113.4pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Metode: </span><span lang="IN">Metode
<i>discovery learning</i>, diskusi, tanya jawab, penugasan, dan presentasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 184.3pt; text-indent: -113.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>E.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Media <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Teks hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Gambar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Teks puisi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>F.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Sumber Belajar<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -73.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Buku Siswa<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -73.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->LKS<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -73.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Lingkungan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">G.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Skenario
Pembelajaran.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">No<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bahasa
Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Matematika<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pendahuluan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Siswa me</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">respon </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">salam dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pertanyaan dari guru berhubungan dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">kondisi dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pembelajaran sebelumnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
mengatur tempat duduk dengan membentuk huruf U<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Siswa menerima
informasi tentang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">keterkaitan
pembelajaran sebelumnya dengan pembelajaran yang akan dilaksanakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa menerima informasi </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">kompetensi, materi, tujuan, manfaat, dan langkah pembelajaran yang akan
dilaksanakan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 37.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 37.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Untuk</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">
menarik minat dan menggugah kesadaran siswa agar mencintai lingkungan hidup siswa </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">diminta
mencermati</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> puisi bertema lingkungan hidup
yang berjudul “Tanah Kelahiran” karya Ramadhan K.H. (buku siswa hlm. 3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Pendahuluan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Siswa mencermati puisi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Siswa me</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">respon </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">salam dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pertanyaan dari guru berhubungan dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">kondisi dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pembelajaran sebelumnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Siswa menerima
informasi tentang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">keterkaitan
pembelajaran sebelumnya dengan pembelajaran yang akan dilaksanakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa menerima informasi </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">kompetensi, materi, tujuan, manfaat, dan langkah pembelajaran yang akan
dilaksanakan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Guru
mengorganisasi siswa dalam kelompok – kelompok kecil</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kegiatan Inti</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
melakukan pengamatan dalam kelompoknya
masing-masing tanpa diawasi oleh guru
tentang. Gambar Amir sedang membayar
Rp 40.000, untuk pembelian 3 buku dan 2 bollpoin. Selanjutnya guru
menuntun siswa untuk menuliskan persamaannya jika buku dimisalkan x dan
bollpoin dimisalkan y. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Guru
menugaskan siswa secara berkelompok untuk menuliskan contoh-contoh yang
serupa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kegiatan
Inti<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Untuk membangun konteks pembelajaran, dengan sikap peduli
dan santun siswa mengamati sebuah gambar lingkungan hidup (buku siswa hlm. 3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
bekerja secara berkelompok tanpa diawasi oleh guru dalam mencari
contoh-contoh nyata terkait dengan persamaan linier. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Dengan santun dan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia yang baik
dan benar, siswa bertanya hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan konteks
pembelajaran</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Dengan sikap responsif, santun, dan menggunakan bahasa
Indonesia yang baik dan benar siswa menjawab pertanyaan tentang hal-hal yang
berhubungan dengan gambar yang dilihat dan pertanyaan pada tugas 1 (buku
siswa hlm. 4-5)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Siswa mengambil kertas undian yang berisi istilah
kebahasaan. Lalu, masing-masing siswa menyebutkan kata yang sama, bersatu
membentuk kelompok kecil dan menamakan kelompoknya sesuai istilah yang
dipilihnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Dengan sikap santun dan responsive siswa </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">mencermati</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">teks
laporan hasil observasi (buku siswa hlm. 5-6)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">, selanjutnya guru menugaskan untuk
mengumpulkan istilah-istilah yang terdapat pada teks laporan dan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan
teks yang disimaknya (tugas 2 pada buku siswa hlm. 6)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
membacakan contoh-contoh yang telah ditemukan, guru melakukan koreksi .
Selanjutnya guru menuntun siswa untuk
mendefinisikan persamaan linier <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Siswa
mengerjakan tugas tanpa pengawasan guru.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
mengamati beberapa bentuk persamaan dan menganalisisnya untuk menuliskan atau
mengelompokkan yang termasuk persamaan linier dan yang bukan persamaan
linier.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
mengerjakan tugas kelompok:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 8.8pt; text-indent: -8.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jika harga buku satu buah yang dibeli oleh amir adalah
Rp.1000, tentukan harga bollpoin 1
buah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 8.8pt; text-indent: -8.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jika harga buku dimisalkan x dan harga bollpoin
dimisalkan y, berapakah y?.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Dengan sikap santun dan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia yang
baik dan benar siswa melaporkan hasil diskusinya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan guru tanpa pengawasan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Kelompok lain menanggapi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> dengan responsif dan santun</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Dengan sikap responsif dan peduli siswa menyimak
penjelasan guru mengenai struktur teks laporan hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Dengan santun dan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia yang baik
dan benar, siswa bertanya hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan struktur teks hasil
observasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sikap tanggung jawab, peduli, responsif, dan santun</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">iswa membaca dan mengamati teks
hasil observasi (buku siswa hlm. 5-6)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">, dan mengerjakan tugas secara berkelompok dalam hal menentukan struktur</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">teks hasil observasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> (tugas 3 hlm. 7).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sikap tanggung jawab, peduli, responsif, dan santun</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">iswa berdiskusi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> inter
kelompok tanpa diawasi oleh guru</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wakil
setiap kelompok mempresentasikan hasil diskusinya, dan guru mengarahkan atau
memberi <i><u>scaffolding </u></i>jika ada
jawaban siswa yang melenceng.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Guru
mengeksplorasi pengetahuan siswa dengan mengajukan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang
sifatnya menuntun dan menggali terkait menentukan nilai 1 variabel jika 1
variabel lainnya diketahui dari beberapa persamaan linier yang diajukan guru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Penugasan
kelompok:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
mengamati masalah trumbu karang dan menganalisis keterkaitan tinggi, panjang
dan lebar terumbu karang
selanjunya memodelkannya dalam
bentuk persamaan linier, mencobanya untuk menentukan jawaban dari masalah”
berapakah panjang trumbu karang yang lebarnya 40 mm?”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sikap tanggung jawab, santun,</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">
</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> menggunakan bahasa Indonesia
yang baik dan benar salah satu perwakilan kelompok </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">melaporkan hasil diskusinya</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td rowspan="5" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
mengerjakan tugasnya tanpa diawasi oleh guru dengan cara melakukan diskusi inter kelompok<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Kelompok lain menanggapi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> dengan responsif dan santun</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Penutup<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">sikap</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> tanggung
jawab, peduli, responsif, dan santun</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">
s</span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;">iswa </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ditugaskan</span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;"> menyimpulkan pembelajaran</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> dan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">mengidentifikasi
hambatan-hambatan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">yang dialami saat memahami
struktur </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">teks hasil observasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
melakukan diskusi antar kelompok terkait
dengan tugas yang diberikan. Guru mengarhakan dan memberikan <i>scaffolding</i>, serta melakukan
pengamatan untuk memberi penilaian terkait sikap dengan berpandu pada<u> </u>rubrik
penilaian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Penutup<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">s</span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;">iswa </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">ditugaskan</span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;"> menyimpulkan pembelajaran</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">mengidentifikasi
hambatan-hambatan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">yang dialami saat memahami
struktur </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">teks
hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sikap peduli, responsif, dan santun</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">
siswa mendengarkan umpan balik </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">dan penguatan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">dari
guru </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">terkait
kesimpulan yang telah dibuat siswa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Siswa mengerjakan tugas secara
berkelompok tanpa diawasi oleh guru</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Siswa menyimak informasi mengenai rencana tindak lanjut
pembelajaran</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Penilaian</b><b> </b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><b>Teknik dan Bentuk Instrumen<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.75pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
Teknik<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
Bentuk<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.75pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
Pengamatan Sikap <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
Lembar Pengamatan Sikap dan Rubrik<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.75pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
Tes Tertulis
<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
Tes Uraian dan Pilihan<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.75pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
Tes Unjuk Kerja <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
Tes Uji Petik Kerja dan Rubrik<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><b>Contoh Instrumen Penilaian<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Pengamatan Sikap<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
Lembar Pengamatan Sikap<o:p></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 7.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 7.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.55pt;" width="35">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV">No.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 7.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.85pt;" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV">Nama Siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 7.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.25pt;" valign="top" width="112">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV">Religius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 7.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.95pt;" width="112">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV">Jujur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 7.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.1pt;" width="112">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV">Tanggung jawab<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 7.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.25pt;" width="112">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV">Santun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 6.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 6.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.55pt;" width="35">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
1.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.85pt;" width="84">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 6.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.55pt;" width="35">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
2.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.85pt;" width="84">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 6.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.55pt;" width="35">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
3.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.85pt;" width="84">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 6.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.55pt;" width="35">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
….<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.85pt;" width="84">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt;">
<b>Rubrik penilaian sikap<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 354.35pt;" valign="top" width="472">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Rubrik<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Skor<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 354.35pt;" valign="top" width="472">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="SV">sama sekali tidak menunjukkan usaha
sungguh-sungguh dalam melakukan
kegiatan<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b>1<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 354.35pt;" valign="top" width="472">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="SV">menunjukkan sudah ada usaha sungguh-sungguh dalam melakukan kegiatan tetapi masih
sedikit dan belum ajeg/konsisten <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b>2<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 354.35pt;" valign="top" width="472">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="SV">menunjukkan ada usaha sungguh-sungguh dalam melakukan kegiatan yang cukup sering dan mulai ajeg/konsisten<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b>3<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 354.35pt;" valign="top" width="472">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="SV">menunjukkan adanya usaha sungguh-sungguh dalam melakukan kegiatan secara terus</span><span lang="IN">-</span><span lang="SV">menerus dan ajeg/konsisten<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b>4<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Tes Tertulis<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<b>Tes Uraian<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Berdasarkan teks laporan hasil
observasi yang diberikan, identifikasikanlah dan jelaskan struktur teks laporan
hasil observasi dengan data yang mendukung (kalimat atau bagian paragraf)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Berdasarkan teks laporan hasil
observasi, identifikasi dan jelaskanlah ciri-ciri bahasa teks laporan hasil
observasi dengan data yang mendukung (kalimat atau bagian paragraf)!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN">Kunci <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 47.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><o:p> </o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
Struktur Teks<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
Kalimat<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border: none; height: 21.45pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
Definisi umum<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 23.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border: none; height: 23.45pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 23.45pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
Deskripsi bagian<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: none; height: 21.45pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
Deskripsi manfaat<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: black; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: windowtext; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Catatan: kalimat disesuaikan dengan teks<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 47.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><o:p> </o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
Ciri-ciri Teks<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
Kalimat<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 21.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border: none; height: 21.45pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">Penggunaan kata sifat <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border: none; height: 21.45pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in;">
Penggunaan kata kerja aksi<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: none; height: 21.45pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in;">
Penggunaan istilah-istilah teknis<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: black; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: windowtext; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Catatan: kalimat disesuaikan dengan teks</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN">Pedoman Penskoran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.5pt;" valign="top" width="35">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">No.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN">Aspek dan Kriteria <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">Skor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.5pt;" valign="top" width="35">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 334.95pt;" valign="top" width="447">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">Kelengkapan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Struktur dan ciri-ciri teks
observasi lengkap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.7pt; text-indent: -17.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Struktur
dan ciri-ciri teks observasi kurang
lengkap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.7pt; text-indent: -17.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Struktur
dan ciri-ciri teks observasi
tidak lengkap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.5pt;" valign="top" width="35">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 334.95pt;" valign="top" width="447">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">Kesesuaian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.7pt; text-indent: -17.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Data (kalimat) mendukung atau sesuai
dengan struktur dan ciri-ciri teks observasi dimaksud<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.7pt; text-indent: -17.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Data (kalimat) kurang mendukung atau
kurang sesuai dengan struktur dan ciri-ciri teks observasi dimaksud <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.7pt; text-indent: -17.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Data (kalimat) kurang mendukung atau
kurang sesuai dengan struktur dan ciri-ciri teks observasi dimaksud<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Tes Unjuk Kerja<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<b>Tes uji petik kerja<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Berdasarkan teks laporan hasil
observasi, tentukan makna kata atau istilah yang digarisbawahi pada teks
laporan tersebut!<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Berdasarkan teks laporan hasil
observasi, tentukan makna teks laporan tersebut disertai dengan data yang
mendukung!<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-44856577441217251072014-10-24T08:19:00.001+08:002014-11-14T08:02:34.189+08:00 RPP 2 KELAS, DAN 2 MATA PELAJARAN<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Satuan Pendidikan</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="19">
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 260.5pt;" valign="top" width="347">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">SMP</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> ... <i>(isi dengan nama SMP)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291">
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<b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Mata Pelajaran</span></b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">/ <b>Kelas</b></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">/semester</span></b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Matematika</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">/kelas
VIII/semester I</span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bahasa Indonesia/
kelas VII/semester 1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291">
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Materi Pokok </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 260.5pt;" valign="top" width="347">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Matematika:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bahasa Indonesia:
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span>Teks
Hasil Observasi<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291">
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<b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Alokasi Waktu</span></b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 260.5pt;" valign="top" width="347">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> 2x40 menit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -50.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Kompetensi </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Dasar dan Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">N0.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 368.55pt;" valign="top" width="491">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">Bahasa indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 344.05pt;" valign="top" width="459">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">Matematika<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">Kompetensi Dasar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">Indikator Pencapaian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">Kompetensi Dasar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" valign="top" width="223">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">Indikator Pencapaian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.2<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Menghargai
dan mensyukuri keberadaan bahasa Indonesia sebagai anugerah Tuhan Yang Maha
Esa sebagai sarana memahami informasi lisan dan tulis<span lang="IN">.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 22.95pt; mso-list: l13 level3 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.2.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia untuk sarana kegiatan
belajar di lingkungan sekolah dalam bentu<span lang="IN">k</span> lisan<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 22.95pt; mso-list: l13 level3 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.2.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->menggunakan bahasa Indonesia untuk sarana kegiatan
belajar di lingkungan sekolah dalam
bentuk tulis<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Menghargai dan menghayati ajaran
agama yang dianutnya</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" valign="top" width="223">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 37.15pt; text-indent: -37.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.1.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Menunjukkan konsistensi dalam menjalankan
ibadah sesuai agama yang dianutnya.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.1<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Memiliki perilaku jujur, tanggung jawab,
dan santun dalam menanggapi secara pribadi hal-hal atau kejadian berdasarkan
hasil observasi</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 22.95pt; mso-list: l18 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.1.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->menunjukkan perilaku jujur dalam menanggapi hal-hal
atau kejadian<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 22.95pt; mso-list: l18 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.1.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->menunjukkan perilaku tanggung jawab dalam menanggapi
hal-hal atau kejadian<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 22.95pt; mso-list: l18 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.1.3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->menunjukkan perilaku santun dalam menanggapi hal-hal atau kejadian<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -5.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 44.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.95pt; text-indent: -22.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Memiliki <span lang="EN-GB">rasa</span> ingin tahu, percaya diri, dan ketertarikan pada matematika
serta memiliki rasa percaya pada daya dan kegunaan matematika, yang terbentuk
melalui pengalaman belajar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.95pt; text-indent: -22.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Memiliki sikap terbuka, santun, objektif,
menghargai pendapat dan karya teman dalam interaksi kelompok maupun aktivitas
sehari-hari.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" valign="top" width="223">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span lang="IN">2.2.1.Menunjukkan perilaku pantang menyerah dalam menyelesaikan masalah
matematika yang diberikan.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; text-indent: -26.75pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.2.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Menunjukkan perilaku senang dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika
terkai t masalah nyata.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.3.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Menunjukan sikap terbuka menerima
pendapat.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.3.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Menunjukan sikap santun dalam
mengemukakan pendapat.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 30.05pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.1<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Memahami teks hasil observasi,
tanggapan deskriptif, eksposisi, eksplanasi, dan cerita pendek baik melalui
lisan maupun tulisan<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 22.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.1.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->menjelaskan struktur teks hasil obeservasi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 22.95pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB">3.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Menentukan nilai variabel persamaan linear dua
variabel dalam konteks nyata <span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" valign="top" width="223">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.2.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Menentukan nilai variabel-variabel yang
memenuhi persamaan dua variabel.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 30.05pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.2.2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Menentukan nilai variabel-variabel yang
memenuhi persamaan dua variabel dalam konteks nyata.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.7pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN">4.1.
Menangkap makna teks hasil observasi, tanggapan deskriptif, eksposisi,
eksplanasi, dan cerita pendek baik secara lisan maupun tulisan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 37.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.1.1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->memaknai kata dan
istilah dalam teks hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.6pt; text-indent: -28.6pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB">4.1<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Membuat dan menyelesaikan model matematika dari masalah nyata yang
berkaitan dengan persamaan linear dua variabel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" valign="top" width="223">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 30.05pt; text-indent: -30.05pt;">
<span lang="IN">4.1.1. Mengkronstruksi model matematika dari masalah
nyata terkait persamaan dua variabel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 30.05pt; text-indent: -30.05pt;">
<span lang="IN">4.1.2. Menyelesaikan model matematika terkait persamaan
dua variabel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 30.05pt; text-indent: -30.05pt;">
<span lang="IN">4.1.3. Menyimpulkan hasil penyelesaian model dalam
wujud komunikasi matematika.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tujuan Pembelajaran.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: -1.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">No<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bahasa Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Matematika<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Siswa </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia untuk memahami
informasi secara lisan dan tulis
sebagai bentuk dari rasa </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">menghargai
dan mensyukuri keberadaan bahasa Indonesia sebagai anugerah Tuhan Yang Maha
Esa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diberikan
masalah matematika, siswa menunjukkan perilaku pantang menyerah dalam mencari
solusi masalah <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Siswa menunjukkan perilaku jujur dalam menanggapi hal-hal atau
kejadian</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diberikan
masalah nyata, siswa menunjukkan perilaku antusias dalam memecahkannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Siswa menunjukkan perilaku tanggung jawab dalam menanggapi
hal-hal atau kejadian</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dibentuk
kelompok dan diberikan LKS untuk dikerjakan secara berkelompok, siswa
menunjukkan perilaku terbuka menerima
pendapat temannya, dan menyampaikan pendapat secara santun baik inter
kelompok maupun antar kelompok.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Siswa menunjukkan
perilaku santun dalam menanggapi
hal-hal atau kejadian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diberikan
masalah konteks, siswa dapat menuliskan definisi persamaan linier dengan
kalimatnya sendiri dan menuliskan minimal 3
bentuk umum persamaan linier yang berbeda variabelnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Diberikan model teks
hasil observasi, siswa dapat menjelaskan struktur teks hasil obeservasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diberikan
beberapa bentuk persamaan 2 variabel, siswa dapat menunjukkan persamaan yang
termasuk persamaan linier dan bukan persamaan linier 2 variabel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Diberikan model teks
hasil observasi, siswa dapat memaknai kata dan istilah yang terdapat dalam
teks hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diberikan
persamaan linier dua variabel dengan koefisien bilangan bulat, siswa dapat
menentukan nilai 1 variabel yang
memenuhi jika 1 variabel lainnya diketahui.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 375.6pt;" valign="top" width="501">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.0pt;" valign="top" width="449">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 15.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diberikan
masalah nyata terkait persamaan linier dua variabel, siswa dapat mengonstruk
model matematikanya, kemudian menyelesaikan dan mengkomunikasikannya dalam
wujud komunikasi matematika.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Materi
Pelajaran.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bahasa Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 53.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Struktur teks hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 53.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Ciri bahasa teks hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 53.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Makna kata dan Istilah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN">Matematika:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 53.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Persamaan linier 2 variabel.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Model/Pendekatan/Metode
Pembelajaran:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Model: Kooperatif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pendekatan: Scintefik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 184.3pt; text-indent: -113.4pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Metode: </span><span lang="IN">Metode
<i>discovery learning</i>, diskusi, tanya jawab, penugasan, dan presentasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 184.3pt; text-indent: -113.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>E.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Media <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Teks hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Gambar<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Teks puisi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>F.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Sumber Belajar<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -73.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Buku Siswa<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -73.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->LKS<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -73.1pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Lingkungan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">G.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Skenario
Pembelajaran.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 110%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">No<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bahasa
Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Matematika<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pendahuluan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Siswa me</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">respon </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">salam dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pertanyaan dari guru berhubungan dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">kondisi dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pembelajaran sebelumnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
mengatur tempat duduk dengan membentuk huruf U<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Siswa menerima
informasi tentang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">keterkaitan
pembelajaran sebelumnya dengan pembelajaran yang akan dilaksanakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa menerima informasi </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">kompetensi, materi, tujuan, manfaat, dan langkah pembelajaran yang akan
dilaksanakan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 37.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 37.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Untuk</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">
menarik minat dan menggugah kesadaran siswa agar mencintai lingkungan hidup siswa </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">diminta
mencermati</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> puisi bertema lingkungan hidup
yang berjudul “Tanah Kelahiran” karya Ramadhan K.H. (buku siswa hlm. 3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Pendahuluan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Siswa mencermati puisi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Siswa me</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">respon </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">salam dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pertanyaan dari guru berhubungan dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">kondisi dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pembelajaran sebelumnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Siswa menerima
informasi tentang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">keterkaitan
pembelajaran sebelumnya dengan pembelajaran yang akan dilaksanakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa menerima informasi </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">kompetensi, materi, tujuan, manfaat, dan langkah pembelajaran yang akan
dilaksanakan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Guru
mengorganisasi siswa dalam kelompok – kelompok kecil</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kegiatan Inti</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
melakukan pengamatan dalam kelompoknya
masing-masing tanpa diawasi oleh guru
tentang. Gambar Amir sedang membayar
Rp 40.000, untuk pembelian 3 buku dan 2 bollpoin. Selanjutnya guru
menuntun siswa untuk menuliskan persamaannya jika buku dimisalkan x dan
bollpoin dimisalkan y. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Guru
menugaskan siswa secara berkelompok untuk menuliskan contoh-contoh yang
serupa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kegiatan
Inti<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Untuk membangun konteks pembelajaran, dengan sikap peduli
dan santun siswa mengamati sebuah gambar lingkungan hidup (buku siswa hlm. 3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
bekerja secara berkelompok tanpa diawasi oleh guru dalam mencari
contoh-contoh nyata terkait dengan persamaan linier. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Dengan santun dan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia yang baik
dan benar, siswa bertanya hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan konteks
pembelajaran</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Dengan sikap responsif, santun, dan menggunakan bahasa
Indonesia yang baik dan benar siswa menjawab pertanyaan tentang hal-hal yang
berhubungan dengan gambar yang dilihat dan pertanyaan pada tugas 1 (buku
siswa hlm. 4-5)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Siswa mengambil kertas undian yang berisi istilah
kebahasaan. Lalu, masing-masing siswa menyebutkan kata yang sama, bersatu
membentuk kelompok kecil dan menamakan kelompoknya sesuai istilah yang
dipilihnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Dengan sikap santun dan responsive siswa </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">mencermati</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">teks
laporan hasil observasi (buku siswa hlm. 5-6)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">, selanjutnya guru menugaskan untuk
mengumpulkan istilah-istilah yang terdapat pada teks laporan dan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan
teks yang disimaknya (tugas 2 pada buku siswa hlm. 6)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
membacakan contoh-contoh yang telah ditemukan, guru melakukan koreksi .
Selanjutnya guru menuntun siswa untuk
mendefinisikan persamaan linier <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Siswa
mengerjakan tugas tanpa pengawasan guru.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
mengamati beberapa bentuk persamaan dan menganalisisnya untuk menuliskan atau
mengelompokkan yang termasuk persamaan linier dan yang bukan persamaan
linier.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
mengerjakan tugas kelompok:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 8.8pt; text-indent: -8.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jika harga buku satu buah yang dibeli oleh amir adalah
Rp.1000, tentukan harga bollpoin 1
buah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 8.8pt; text-indent: -8.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jika harga buku dimisalkan x dan harga bollpoin
dimisalkan y, berapakah y?.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Dengan sikap santun dan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia yang
baik dan benar siswa melaporkan hasil diskusinya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan guru tanpa pengawasan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Kelompok lain menanggapi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> dengan responsif dan santun</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Dengan sikap responsif dan peduli siswa menyimak
penjelasan guru mengenai struktur teks laporan hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Dengan santun dan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia yang baik
dan benar, siswa bertanya hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan struktur teks hasil
observasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sikap tanggung jawab, peduli, responsif, dan santun</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">iswa membaca dan mengamati teks
hasil observasi (buku siswa hlm. 5-6)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">, dan mengerjakan tugas secara berkelompok dalam hal menentukan struktur</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">teks hasil observasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> (tugas 3 hlm. 7).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sikap tanggung jawab, peduli, responsif, dan santun</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">iswa berdiskusi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> inter
kelompok tanpa diawasi oleh guru</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wakil
setiap kelompok mempresentasikan hasil diskusinya, dan guru mengarahkan atau
memberi <i><u>scaffolding </u></i>jika ada
jawaban siswa yang melenceng.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Guru
mengeksplorasi pengetahuan siswa dengan mengajukan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang
sifatnya menuntun dan menggali terkait menentukan nilai 1 variabel jika 1
variabel lainnya diketahui dari beberapa persamaan linier yang diajukan guru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Penugasan
kelompok:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
mengamati masalah trumbu karang dan menganalisis keterkaitan tinggi, panjang
dan lebar terumbu karang
selanjunya memodelkannya dalam
bentuk persamaan linier, mencobanya untuk menentukan jawaban dari masalah”
berapakah panjang trumbu karang yang lebarnya 40 mm?”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sikap tanggung jawab, santun,</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">
</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> menggunakan bahasa Indonesia
yang baik dan benar salah satu perwakilan kelompok </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">melaporkan hasil diskusinya</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
mengerjakan tugasnya tanpa diawasi oleh guru dengan cara melakukan diskusi inter kelompok<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Kelompok lain menanggapi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> dengan responsif dan santun</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Penutup<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">sikap</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> tanggung
jawab, peduli, responsif, dan santun</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">
s</span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;">iswa </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ditugaskan</span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;"> menyimpulkan pembelajaran</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> dan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">mengidentifikasi
hambatan-hambatan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">yang dialami saat memahami
struktur </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">teks hasil observasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Siswa
melakukan diskusi antar kelompok terkait
dengan tugas yang diberikan. Guru mengarhakan dan memberikan <i>scaffolding</i>, serta melakukan
pengamatan untuk memberi penilaian terkait sikap dengan berpandu pada<u> </u>rubrik
penilaian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Penutup<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">s</span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;">iswa </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">ditugaskan</span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;"> menyimpulkan pembelajaran</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">mengidentifikasi
hambatan-hambatan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">yang dialami saat memahami
struktur </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">teks
hasil observasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sikap peduli, responsif, dan santun</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">
siswa mendengarkan umpan balik </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">dan penguatan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">dari
guru </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">terkait
kesimpulan yang telah dibuat siswa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 365.35pt;" valign="top" width="487">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Siswa mengerjakan tugas secara
berkelompok tanpa diawasi oleh guru</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 348.45pt;" valign="top" width="465">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Siswa menyimak informasi mengenai rencana tindak lanjut
pembelajaran</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Penilaian</b><b> </b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><b>Teknik dan Bentuk Instrumen<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.75pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
Teknik<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
Bentuk<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.75pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
Pengamatan Sikap <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
Lembar Pengamatan Sikap dan Rubrik<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.75pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
Tes Tertulis
<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
Tes Uraian dan Pilihan<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.75pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;">
Tes Unjuk Kerja <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
Tes Uji Petik Kerja dan Rubrik<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><b>Contoh Instrumen Penilaian<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Pengamatan Sikap<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
Lembar Pengamatan Sikap<o:p></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 7.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 7.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.55pt;" width="35">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV">No.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 7.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.85pt;" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV">Nama Siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 7.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.25pt;" valign="top" width="112">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV">Religius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 7.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.95pt;" width="112">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV">Jujur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 7.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.1pt;" width="112">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV">Tanggung jawab<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 7.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.25pt;" width="112">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV">Santun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 6.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 6.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.55pt;" width="35">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
1.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.85pt;" width="84">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 6.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.55pt;" width="35">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
2.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.85pt;" width="84">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 6.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.55pt;" width="35">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
3.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.85pt;" width="84">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 6.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.55pt;" width="35">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
….<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.85pt;" width="84">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.9pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.95pt;" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.1pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt;">
<b>Rubrik penilaian sikap<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 354.35pt;" valign="top" width="472">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Rubrik<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Skor<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 354.35pt;" valign="top" width="472">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="SV">sama sekali tidak menunjukkan usaha
sungguh-sungguh dalam melakukan
kegiatan<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b>1<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 354.35pt;" valign="top" width="472">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="SV">menunjukkan sudah ada usaha sungguh-sungguh dalam melakukan kegiatan tetapi masih
sedikit dan belum ajeg/konsisten <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b>2<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 354.35pt;" valign="top" width="472">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="SV">menunjukkan ada usaha sungguh-sungguh dalam melakukan kegiatan yang cukup sering dan mulai ajeg/konsisten<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b>3<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 354.35pt;" valign="top" width="472">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="SV">menunjukkan adanya usaha sungguh-sungguh dalam melakukan kegiatan secara terus</span><span lang="IN">-</span><span lang="SV">menerus dan ajeg/konsisten<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b>4<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Tes Tertulis<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<b>Tes Uraian<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Berdasarkan teks laporan hasil
observasi yang diberikan, identifikasikanlah dan jelaskan struktur teks laporan
hasil observasi dengan data yang mendukung (kalimat atau bagian paragraf)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Berdasarkan teks laporan hasil
observasi, identifikasi dan jelaskanlah ciri-ciri bahasa teks laporan hasil
observasi dengan data yang mendukung (kalimat atau bagian paragraf)!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN">Kunci <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 47.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><o:p> </o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
Struktur Teks<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
Kalimat<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border: none; height: 21.45pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
Definisi umum<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 23.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border: none; height: 23.45pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 23.45pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
Deskripsi bagian<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: none; height: 21.45pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
Deskripsi manfaat<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: black; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: windowtext; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Catatan: kalimat disesuaikan dengan teks<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 47.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><o:p> </o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
Ciri-ciri Teks<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;">
Kalimat<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border: none; height: 21.45pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">Penggunaan kata sifat <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border: none; height: 21.45pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in;">
Penggunaan kata kerja aksi<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: none; height: 21.45pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 14.2pt;" valign="top" width="19">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in;">
Penggunaan istilah-istilah teknis<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 21.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: black; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: windowtext; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 276.4pt;" valign="top" width="369">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Catatan: kalimat disesuaikan dengan teks</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN">Pedoman Penskoran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.5pt;" valign="top" width="35">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">No.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 334.95pt;" valign="top" width="447">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">Aspek dan Kriteria <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E5B8B7; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">Skor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.5pt;" valign="top" width="35">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 334.95pt;" valign="top" width="447">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">Kelengkapan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Struktur dan ciri-ciri teks
observasi lengkap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.7pt; text-indent: -17.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Struktur
dan ciri-ciri teks observasi kurang
lengkap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.7pt; text-indent: -17.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Struktur
dan ciri-ciri teks observasi
tidak lengkap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.5pt;" valign="top" width="35">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 334.95pt;" valign="top" width="447">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN">Kesesuaian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.7pt; text-indent: -17.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Data (kalimat) mendukung atau sesuai
dengan struktur dan ciri-ciri teks observasi dimaksud<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.7pt; text-indent: -17.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Data (kalimat) kurang mendukung atau
kurang sesuai dengan struktur dan ciri-ciri teks observasi dimaksud <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 17.7pt; text-indent: -17.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Data (kalimat) kurang mendukung atau
kurang sesuai dengan struktur dan ciri-ciri teks observasi dimaksud<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
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<span lang="IN">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Tes Unjuk Kerja<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Tes uji petik kerja<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Berdasarkan teks laporan hasil
observasi, tentukan makna kata atau istilah yang digarisbawahi pada teks
laporan tersebut!<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Berdasarkan teks laporan hasil
observasi, tentukan makna teks laporan tersebut disertai dengan data yang
mendukung!<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-90112965265902331872014-10-24T07:44:00.008+08:002014-10-24T07:44:51.670+08:00 IKATAN KIMIA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terbentuknya Ikatan Kimia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Antara dua atom atau lebih dapat saling berinteraksi dan
membentuk molekul. Interaksi ini selalu disertai dengan pelepasan energi.
Adapun gaya-gaya yang menahan atom-atom dalam molekul merupakan suatu ikatan yang
dinamakan ikatan kimia. Ikatan kimia terbentuk karena unsur-unsur cenderung
membentuk struktur elektron stabil. Struktur elektron stabil yang dimaksud
yaitu struktur elektron gas mulia (golongan VIIIA).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Walter Kossel, dan Gilbert Lewis pada tahun 1916 menyatakan
bahwa terdapat hubungan antara stabilnya gas mulia dengan cara atom berikatan.
Mereka mengemukakan bahwa jumlah elektron terluar dari dua atom yang berikatan,
akan berubah sedemikian rupa sehingga susunan elektron kedua atom tersebut sama
dengan susunan elektron gas mulia atau konfigurasi elektron gas mulia atau 8
elektron pada kulit terluar disebut kaidah oktet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sementara itu, atom-atom yang mempunyai nomor atom kecil dari
hidrogen sampai dengan boron cenderung memiliki konfigurasi elektron gas helium
atau mengikuti kaidah duplet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Elektron yang berperan dalam reaksi kimia yaitu elektron pada
kulit terluar atau elektron valensi. Elektron valensi menunjukkan kemampuan
suatu atom untuk berikatan dengan atom lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur-unsur dari golongan alkali dan alkali tanah, untuk
mencapai kestabilan cenderung melepaskan elektron terluarnya sehingga membentuk
ion positif. Unsur-unsur yang mempunyai kecenderungan membentuk ion positif
termasuk unsur elektropositif. Unsur-unsur dari golongan halogen dan khalkogen
mempunyai kecenderungan menangkap elektron untuk mencapai kestabilan sehingga
membentuk ion negatif. Unsur-unsur yang demikian termasuk unsur elektronegatif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fluorin (9F) mempunyai susunan elektron 2. 7. Flourin memerlukan
satu elektron untuk mencapai kestabilan (elektron terluar 8).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kalsium (20Ca) mempunyai susunan elektron 2. 8. 8. 2. Kalsium
melepaskan 2 elektron untuk mencapai kestabilan (elektron terluar 8).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Atom-atom yang belum stabil yaitu unsur-unsur selain gas mulia.
Unsur ini selalu berusaha untuk mencapai keadaan yang stabil. Agar dapat
mencapai struktur elektron seperti gas mulia, antar unsur melakukan hal-hal
berikut;</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perpindahan elektron dari satu atom ke atom lain (serah terima
elektron)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Atom yang melepaskan elektron akan membentuk ion positif,
sedangkan atom yang menerima elektron akan berubah menjadi ion negatif,
sehingga terjadilah gaya elektrostatik atau tarik-menarik antara kedua ion yang
berbeda muatan. Ikatan ini disebut ikatan ion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemakaian bersama pasangan elektron oleh dua atom yang bergabung
membentuk susunan elektron seperti gas mulia, yang dikenal dengan ikatan
kovalen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selain itu, dikenal juga adanya ikatan lain yaitu;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan logam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan hidrogen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan Van der Waals<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan Ion (Ikatan Elektrovalen)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan ion yaitu ikatan yang terbentuk sebagai akibat adanya
gaya tarik-menarik antara ion positif dan ion negatif. Ion positif terbentuk
karena unsur logam melepaskan elektronnya. Sedangkan ion negatif terbentuk
karena unsur non logam menerima elektron. Ikatan ion terjadi karena adanya
serah-terima elektron. Pada saat terjadi pelepasan elektron, atom tersebut
berubah menjadi sebuah kation (ion positif) karena kelebihan muatan positif.
Energi ionisasi diperlukan untuk melepas sebuah elektron. Berbeda antara atom
satu dengan lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada umumnya, atom-atom dari unsur logam memiliki energi
ionisasi yang lebih rendah. Oleh karena itu unsur-unsur tersebut, cenderung
melepas elektron dan berubah menjadi kation. Sebagai contoh unsur natrium (Na)
mudah melepaskan satu elektron menjadi ion natrium (Na<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup>). Sementara itu atom-atom dari unsur non logam
memiliki afinitas elektron yang tinggi sehingga cenderung untuk menangkap
elektron. Saat terjadi penangkapan elektron, atom tersebut berubah menjadi
anion (ion negatif). Misalnya atom klor (Cl) mudah menangkap satu elektron dan
menjadi ion klorida (Cl<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-</span></sup>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terjadinya ikatan antara 11Na dengan 17 Cl sebagai berikut ;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">K L M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11Na 2. 8. 1 melepas 1 elektron, membentuk Na<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup> : 2. 8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17Cl : 2. 8. 7 menerima satu elektron, membentuk Cl<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-</span></sup> : 2. 8. 8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Na Na<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup> + e<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-</span></sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">Cl + e<sup>-</sup>Cl<sup>-</sup><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></u><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">Na </span></u><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+ Cl Na<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup> + Cl<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-</span></sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Na <sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup> dan Cl<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">- </span></sup>membentuk ikatan ion NaCl (Natrium klorida)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan ion mudah terjadi jika atom-atom suatu unsur mempunyai
perbedaan elektronegativitas yang besar ( lebih besar dari 1,7). Menurut
Pauling, jika perbedaan elektronegativitas semakin besar, ikatan kimia yang
terbentuk semakin bersifat ionik. Pada umumnya ikatan ion terjadi antara
unsur-unsur golongan IA dan IIA (unsur logam) dengan unsur-unsur golongan VIIA
dan VIA ( unsur nonlogam).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sifat-sifat senyawa ion sebagai berikut,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bentuk padatan tidak dapat menghantarkan listrik karena
partikel-partikel ionnya terikat kuat pada kisi, sehingga tidak ada elektron
yang bebas bergerak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Leburan dan larutannya menghantarkan listrik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Umumnya berupa zat padat kristal yang permukaannya keras dan
sukar digores<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Titik leleh dan titik didihnya tinggi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Larut dalam pelarut polar dan tidak larut dalam pelarut non
polar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan Kovalen dan Ikatan Logam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan Kovalen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan kovalen dapat terjadi antara unsur nonlogam dengan unsur
nonlogam lain dengan cara pemakaian bersama pasangan elektron. Jadi secara
langsung ikatan ini bersifat nonelektrostatik. Adakalanya dua atom dapat
menggunakan lebih dari satu pasang elektron. Apabila yang digunakan bersama dua
pasang atau tiga pasang maka akan terbentuk ikatan kovalen rangkap dua atau
rangkap tiga. Jumlah elektron valensi yang digunakan untuk berikatan tergantung
pada kebutuhan tiap atom untuk mencapai konfigurasi elektron seperti gas mulia
(kaidah oktet atau duplet).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan bersama pasangan elektron digambarkan oleh Lewis
menggunakan titik elektron. Rumus Lewis merupakan tanda atom yang di
sekelilingnya terdapat titik (), silang (x), atau bulatan kecil (.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanda ini menggambarkan elektron valensi atom yang bersangkutan.
Oleh karena itu, rumus ini sering disebut sebagai rumus elektron atau titik
elektron.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Langkah-langkah untuk menulis rumus molekul Lewis sebagai
berikut;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menuliskan simbol atom unsurnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menentukan jumlah elektron valensi atom tersebut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meletakkan titik (.), silang (x), atau bulatan kecil ( yang
mewakili elektron valensi pada sisi simbol atom.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berdasarkan bentuk ikatanya, ikatan kovalen dibedakan menjadi
tiga, yaitu kovalen normal, kovalen koordinasi, serta kovalen polar dan
nonpolar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan kovalen Normal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam ikatan kovalen normal digunakan dasar pemakaian bersama
pasangan elektron. Dalam hal ini pasangan elektron tersebut berasal dari kedua
atom. Jumlah ikatan yang terdapat dalam suatu molekul dapat diramalkan dengan
menghitung jumlah elektron yang digunakan bersama-sama, selain itu juga, jumlah
dan jenis atom yang membentuk molekul. Oleh karena itu, dalam ikatan ini
dikenal adanya ikatan kovalen tunggal, ikatan kovalen rangkap dua, dan kovalen
rangkap tiga.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan Kovalen Tunggal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan kovalen tunggal adalah ikatan kovalen yang terjadi karena
penggunaan bersama satu pasang elektron, ikatan ini digambarkan dengan satu
garis lurus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan H dengan H dalam molekul H<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">rumus titik elektronnya H<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">rumus titik elektronnya H<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 atom H berikatan dengan 1 atom H yang lain dan tiap-tiap atom
H menyumbangkan 1 elektron.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">H + H H H H – H H<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan H dengan Cl dalam molekul HCl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 atom H berikatan dengan 1 atom Cl yang masing-masing
menyumbangkan 1 elektron.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">H + xCl H <sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">x</span></sup>Cl H – Cl HCl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan Kovalen Rangkap Dua<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan kovalen rangkap dua adalah ikatan kovalen yang terjadi
karena penggunaan bersama dua pasang elektron. Ikatan ini digambarkan dengan
dua garis lurus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan antara atom O dengan atom O yang lain dalam molekul O<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">O = O O<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan Kovalen Rangkap Tiga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan kovalen rangkap tiga adalah ikatan kovalen yang terjadi
karena penggunaan bersama tiga pasang elektron. Ikatan ini digambarkan dengan
tiga garis lurus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan antara atom N dengan atom N lain dalam molekul N<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">N N N<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan Kovalen Koordinasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan kovalen koordinasi yaitu ikatan kovalen dimana pasangan
elektron yang digunakan bersama berasal dari salah satu atom yang berikatan.
Ikatan kovalen koordinasi dapat terjadi antara suatu atom yang mempunyai
pasangan elektron bebas dan sudah mencapai konfigurasi oktet dengan atom lain.
Atom lain ini membutuhkan dua elektron dan belum mencapai konfigurasi oktet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh; senyawa SO<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3</span></sub>, NH<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">4</span></sub><sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup> dan
lain-lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan Kovalen Polar dan Nonpolar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perbedaan keelektronegatifan dua atom menimbulkan kepolaran
senyawa. Adanya perbedaan keelektronegatifan tersebut menyebabkan pasangan
elektron ikatan lebih tertarik ke salah satu unsur sehingga membentuk dipol.
Adanya dipol inilah yang menyebabkan senyawa menjadi polar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada senyawa HCl, pasangan elektron milik bersama akan lebih
dekat pada Cl karena daya tarik terhadap elektronnya lebih besar dibandingkan
H. Hal itu menyebabkan terjadinya polarisasi pada ikatan H –Cl. Atom Cl lebih
negatif daripada atom H, hal tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya ikatan kovalen
polar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senyawa kovalen polar; HCl, HBr, HI, HF, H<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub>O, NH<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3</span></sub>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senyawa kovalen nonpolar; H<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2,</span></sub> O<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub>, Cl<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub>, N<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2, </span></sub>CH<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">4</span></sub>, C<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">6</span></sub>H<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">6</span></sub>, BF<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3.</span></sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada ikatan kovalen yang terdiri lebih dari dua unsur, kepolaran
senyawanya ditentukan beberapa hal berikut;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jumlah momen dipol. Jika jumlah momen dipol = 0, senyawanya
bersifat nonpolar. Jika momen dipol tidak sama dengan 0 maka senyawanya
bersifat polar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Besarnya momen dipol suatu senyawa dapat ditentukan dengan:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">= d x l<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keterangan;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">= momen dipol dalam Debye (D)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d = muatan dalam satuan elektrostatis (ses)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">l = jarak dalam cm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 50.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bentuk molekul. Jika bentuk molekulnya simetris maka senyawanya
bersifat nonpolar, sedangkan jika bentuk molekulnya tidak simetris maka
biasanya senyawanya bersifat polar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 50.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika molekul terdiri atas dua buah unsur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika kedua unsur itu sejenis ikatannya nonpolar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh; H<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub> dan Cl<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika kedua unsur itu tidak sejenis, biasanya ikatannya polar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh; HCl dan HBr<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 50.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika molekul terdiri atas tiga atau lebih unsur yang berbeda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika atom yang berada di tengah molekul (atom pusat) mempunyai
pasangan elektron bebas sehingga pasangan elektron ikatan akan tertarik ke
salah satu atom, ikatannya polar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh; H<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub>O, dan NH<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3</span></sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika atom pusat tidak mempunyai pasangan elektron bebas sehingga
pasangan elektron tertarik sama kuat ke seluruh atom, ikatannya nonpolar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh; CH<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">4 </span></sub>dan CO<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sifat-sifat senyawa kovalen;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada suhu kamar umumnya berupa gas (misalnya H<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub>, O<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub>, N<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub>, Cl<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub>, dan CO<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub> ), cair (misalnya H<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub>O dan HCl), ataupun berupa padatan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Titik didih dan titik lelehnya rendah, karena gaya tarik-menarik
antara molekulnya lemah meskipun ikatan antar atomnya kuat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Larut dalam pelarut nonpolar dan beberapa diantaranya dapat
berinteraksi dengan pelarut polar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Larutannya dalam air ada yang menghantarkan arus listrik (misal
HCl) tetapi sebagian besar tidak dapat menghantarkan arus listrik, baik
padatan, leburan, atau larutannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anda dapat memprediksi ikatan kimia apabila
mengetahui konfigurasi elektron dari atom unsur tersebut (elektron valensinya).
Berdasarkan elektron valensi, akan diketahui jumlah kekurangan elektron
masing-masing unsur untuk mencapai kaidah oktet (kestabilan struktur seperti
struktur elektron gas mulia).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jarak antara dua inti atom yang berikatan
disebut panjang ikatan, sedangkan energi yang diperlukan untuk memutuskan
ikatan disebut energi ikatan. Pada pasangan unsur yang sama, ikatan tunggal
merupakan ikatan yang paling lemah dan paling panjang. Semakin banyak pasangan
elektron milik bersama maka semakin kuat ikatan. Namun, panjang ikatannya
semakin kecil atau pendek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan : N – N N N N N<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Panjang ikatan (A) : 1,47 1,24 1,10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Energi ikatan (kJ/mol) : 163 418 941<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikatan Logam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Logam mempunyai sifat-sifat berikut;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada suhu kamar umumnya padat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengkilap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menghantarkan panas dan listrik dengan baik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dapat ditempa dan dibentuk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bentuk padat, atom-atom logam tersusun dalam susunan yang
sangat rapat (closly packed). Susunan logam terdiri atas ion-ion logam dalam
larutan elektron. Dalam susunan seperti ini elektron valensinya relatif bebas
bergerak dan tidak terpaku pada salah satu inti atom. Ikatan logam terjadi
akibat interaksi antara elektron valensi yang bebas bergerak dengan inti atau
kation-kation logam yang menghasilkan gaya tarik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-72201934912441712102014-09-16T09:38:00.000+08:002014-10-24T09:40:02.810+08:00gas mulia Helium<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Sejarah</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
(Yunani<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>helios</em>= matahari).
Janssen menemukan bukti keberadaan helium pada saat gerhana matahari total
tahun 1868 ketika dia mendeteksi sebuah garis baru di spektrum sinar matahari. <span lang="SV">Lockyer dan Frankland menyarankan
pemberian nama helium untuk unsur baru tersebut. Pada tahun 1895, Ramsay
menemukan helium di mineral<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">cleveite</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>uranium.
Pada saat yang bersamaan kimiawan Swedia Cleve dan Langlet menemukan helium di
cleveite. Rutherford dan Roys pada tahun 1907 menunjukkan bahwa
partikel-partikel alpha tidak lain adalah nukleus helium.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="SV">Sumber</span></strong><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Helium merupakan elemen kedua terbanyak di alam semesta. Helium diproses
dari gas alam, karena banyak gas alam yang mengandung gas helium.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Secara spektroskopik helium telah dideteksi keberadaannya di
bintang-bintang, terutama di bintang yang panas. Helium juga merupakan komponen
penting dalam reaksi proton-proton dan siklus karbon yang memberikan bahan
bakar matahari dan bintang-bintang lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Pemfusian hidrogen menjadi helium menghasilkan energi yang luar biasa dan
merupakan proses yang dapat membuat matahari bersinar secara terus-menerus.
Kadar helium di udara sekitar 1 dalam 200,000. Walau banyak terdapat dalam
berbagai mineral radioaktif sebagai produk-produk radiasi, sebagian besar
pasokan helium untuk Amerika Serikat terdapat di sumur-sumur minyak Texas,
Oklahoma, dan Kansas. Di luar AS, pabrik ekstraksi helium hanya terdapat di
Polandia, Rusia dan di India (data tahun 1984).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="SV">Sifat-sifat
</span></strong><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Helium memiliki titik lebur paling rendah di antara unsur-unsur dan banyak
digunakan dalam riset suhu rendah (<em><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">cyrogenic</span></em>) karena
titik leburnya dekat dengan 0 derajat Kelvin. Juga, unsur ini sangat vital
untuk penelitian superkonduktor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Dengan menggunakan helium cair, Kurti dkk. beserta yang lainnya telah
berhasil mencapai suhu beberapa mikrokelvin dengan proses<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">adiabatic demagnitization</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>nukleus tembaga.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Helium memiliki sifat-sifat unik lainnya,
yaitu sebagai satu-satunya benda cair yang tidak bisa diubah bentuknya menjadi
benda padat hanya dengan menurunkan suhu. Unsur ini tetap dalam bentuknya yang
cair sampai 0 derajat Kelvin pada tekanan normal, tetapi akan segera berbentuk
padat jika tekanan udara dinaikkan. 3He dan 4He dalam bentuk padat sangat
menarik karena keduanya dapat berubah volume sampai 30% dengan cara memberikan
tekanan udara.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Specifikasi panas helium sangat tinggi.
Berat jenis gas helium pada titik didih normal juga sangat tinggi.
Molekul-molekul gasnya mengembang dengan cepat ketika dipanaskan ke suhu
ruangan. Sebuah bejana yang diisi dengan gas helium pada 5 dan 10 Kelvin harus
diperlakukan seakan-akan berisikan helium cair karena perubahan tekanan yang
tinggi yang berasal dari pemanasan gas ke suhu ruangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Secara normal, helium memiliki 0 valensi,
tapi ia juga memiliki tendensi untuk menggabungkan diri dengan unsur-unsur
lainnya. Cara membuat helium difluorida telah dipelajari dan senyawa HeNe dan
ion-ion He+ dan He+ + juga telah diteliti.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt;">
<b><span lang="IT">Sifat-sifat Fisika<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background: white; border-bottom: dotted #DDDDDD 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #DDDDDD .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 2.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Simbol: He<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Radius Atom: 0 Å<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Volume Atom: 32.8 cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3</span></sup>/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:city w:st="on">Massa</st1:city>
Atom: 4.0026<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Titik Didih: 4.216 K<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Radius Kovalensi: 0.93 Å<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Struktur Kristal: Heksagonal<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:city w:st="on">Massa</st1:city>
Jenis: 0.1785 g/cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV">Konduktivitas
Listrik: 0 x 10<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">6</span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ohm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Elektronegativitas: 0<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Konfigurasi Elektron: 1s2<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Formasi Entalpi: 0.021 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Konduktivitas Panas: 0.152 Wm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>K<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Potensial Ionisasi: 24.587 V<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Titik Lebur: 0.95 K<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Bilangan Oksidasi: n/a<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Kapasitas Panas: 5.193 Jg<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>K<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Entalpi Penguapan: 0.084 kJ/mol<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV"><br />
<strong><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Isotop-isotop</span></strong><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Ada 7
isotop helium yang diketahui: helium cair (He-4) yang muncul dalam dua bentuk:
He-4I dan He-4II dengan titik transisi pada 2.174K. He-4I (di atas suhu ini)
adalah cair, tetapi He-4II (di bawah suhu tersebut) sangat berbeda dari
bahan-bahan kimia lainnya. Helium mengembang ketika didinginkan, konduktivitas
kalornya sangat tinggi, dan konduksi panas atau viskositasnya tidak menuruti
peraturan-peraturan biasanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="SV">Kegunaan</span></strong><b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV">Sebagai gas pelindung dalam menumbuhkan
kristal-kristal silikon dan germanium dan dalam memproduksi titanium dan
zirkonium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV">Sebagai agen pendingin untuk reaktor
nuklir<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV">Sebagai gas yang digunakan di lorong angin
(wind tunnels)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Campuran helium dan oksigen digunakan sebagai udara buatan untuk para
penyelam dan para pekerja lainnya yang bekerja di bawah tekanan udara tinggi.
Perbandingan antara He dan O<sub><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2</span></sub>yang berbeda-beda
digunakan untuk kedalaman penyelam yang berbeda-beda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Helium sangat banyak digunakan untuk mengisi balon ketimbang hidrogen yang
lebih berbahaya. Salah satu kegunaan helium yang lain adalah untuk menekan
bahan bakar cair roket. </span><span lang="FI">Roket
Saturn, seperti yang digunakan pada misi-misi Apollo, memerlukan sekitar 13
juta kaki kubik He.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="FI">Helium cair yang digunakan di<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span></i></span>(MRI)
tetap bertambah jumlahnya, sejalan dengan ditemukannya banyak kegunaan mesin
ini di bidang kesehatan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="FI">Helium juga digunakan untuk balon-balon raksasa yang memasang berbagai
iklan perusahaan-perusahaan besar, termasuk Goodyear. Aplikasi lainnya sedang
dikembangkan oleh militer AS adalah untuk mendeteksi peluru-peluru misil yang
terbang rendah. Badan Antariksa AS NASA juga menggunakan balon-balon berisi gas
helium untuk mengambil sampel atmosfer di Antartika untuk menyelidiki penyebab
menipisnya lapisan ozon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 305.25pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-83435249726782210582014-09-09T07:44:00.002+08:002014-11-03T07:54:03.722+08:00 Neon<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<strong style="line-height: 150%;">Sejarah</strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="FI">Ditemukan oleh Ramsay dan Travers pada tahun 1898. Neon adalah unsur gas
mulia yang terdapat atmosfer hingga 1:65000 udara. Neon diperoleh dengan
mencairkan udara dan melakukan pemisahan dari gas lain dengan penyulingan
bertingkat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="IT">Isotop-isotop</span></strong><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IT">Neon alami terdiri dari camuran tiga isotop, enam
isotop lainnya tidak stabil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="IT">Sifat-sifat
kimia</span></strong><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IT">Dalam tabung vakum yang melepaskan muataan listrik, Neon menyala oranye
kemerahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IT">Memiliki kemampuan mendinginkan refrigerator 40 kali lipat dari helium cair
dan 3 kali lipat lebih dari hidrogen cair. Dibandingkan semua gas mulia,
pelepasan muatan Neon memiliki intensitas lebih tinggi karena ada tegangan dan
arus yang luar biasa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IT">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IT">Sifat-sifat Fisika<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background: white; border-bottom: dotted #DDDDDD 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #DDDDDD .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 2.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Simbol: Ne<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Radius Atom: 0.51 Å<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Volume Atom: 16.9 cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3</span></sup>/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:city w:st="on">Massa</st1:city>
Atom: 20.1797<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Titik Didih: 27.1 K<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Radius Kovalensi: 0.71 Å<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Struktur Kristal: fcc<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:city w:st="on">Massa</st1:city>
Jenis: 0.9 g/cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV">Konduktivitas
Listrik: x 10<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">6</span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ohm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Elektronegativitas: n/a<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Konfigurasi Elektron: [He]2s2p6<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Formasi Entalpi: 0.34 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Konduktivitas Panas: 0.0493 Wm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>K<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Potensial Ionisasi: 21.564 V<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Titik Lebur: 24.55 K<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Bilangan Oksidasi: n/a<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Kapasitas Panas: 1.03 Jg<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>K<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Entalpi Penguapan: 1.77 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b>Senyawa<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
Neon adalah unsur yang tidak mudah
bereaksi (inert). <span lang="SV">Dilaporkan bahwa
Ne dapat bersenyawa dengan fluor. Namun, masih menjadi pertanyaan aakah senyawa
Neon tersebut ada meski bukti keberadaan senyawa tersebut ada.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Ion Ne<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup>, (NeAr)<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup>, (NeH)<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup>, dan (HeNe<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup>) diketahui dari
analisis spektrofotometri optik dan spektrofotometrik massa. Neon juga
membentuk hidrat yang tidak stabil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="SV">Keberadaan</span></b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Meski neon membutuhkan ruang yang luas pada penggunaannya, Neon berfungsi
sebagai indikator tegangan tinggi, penangkap kilat, tabung wave meter dan
tabung televisi. Neon dan helium digunakan dalam pembuatan laser gas. Neon cair
sekarang tersedia secara komersial dan sangat penting diterapkan sebagai
pembeku embrio (bakal makhluk hidup) yang ekonomis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-14926382418843388142014-09-09T07:44:00.000+08:002014-11-03T07:52:52.867+08:00 Neon<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<strong style="line-height: 150%;">Sejarah</strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="FI">Ditemukan oleh Ramsay dan Travers pada tahun 1898. Neon adalah unsur gas
mulia yang terdapat atmosfer hingga 1:65000 udara. Neon diperoleh dengan
mencairkan udara dan melakukan pemisahan dari gas lain dengan penyulingan
bertingkat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="IT">Isotop-isotop</span></strong><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IT">Neon alami terdiri dari camuran tiga isotop, enam
isotop lainnya tidak stabil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="IT">Sifat-sifat
kimia</span></strong><span lang="IT"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IT">Dalam tabung vakum yang melepaskan muataan listrik, Neon menyala oranye
kemerahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IT">Memiliki kemampuan mendinginkan refrigerator 40 kali lipat dari helium cair
dan 3 kali lipat lebih dari hidrogen cair. Dibandingkan semua gas mulia,
pelepasan muatan Neon memiliki intensitas lebih tinggi karena ada tegangan dan
arus yang luar biasa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IT">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IT">Sifat-sifat Fisika<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background: white; border-bottom: dotted #DDDDDD 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #DDDDDD .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 2.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Simbol: Ne<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Radius Atom: 0.51 Å<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Volume Atom: 16.9 cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3</span></sup>/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:city w:st="on">Massa</st1:city>
Atom: 20.1797<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Titik Didih: 27.1 K<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Radius Kovalensi: 0.71 Å<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Struktur Kristal: fcc<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:city w:st="on">Massa</st1:city>
Jenis: 0.9 g/cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV">Konduktivitas
Listrik: x 10<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">6</span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ohm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>cm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Elektronegativitas: n/a<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Konfigurasi Elektron: [He]2s2p6<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Formasi Entalpi: 0.34 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Konduktivitas Panas: 0.0493 Wm<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>K<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Potensial Ionisasi: 21.564 V<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Titik Lebur: 24.55 K<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Bilangan Oksidasi: n/a<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Kapasitas Panas: 1.03 Jg<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup>K<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 18pt; margin-left: 0.25in; padding: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Entalpi Penguapan: 1.77 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b>Senyawa<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
Neon adalah unsur yang tidak mudah
bereaksi (inert). <span lang="SV">Dilaporkan bahwa
Ne dapat bersenyawa dengan fluor. Namun, masih menjadi pertanyaan aakah senyawa
Neon tersebut ada meski bukti keberadaan senyawa tersebut ada.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Ion Ne<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup>, (NeAr)<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup>, (NeH)<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup>, dan (HeNe<sup><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">+</span></sup>) diketahui dari
analisis spektrofotometri optik dan spektrofotometrik massa. Neon juga
membentuk hidrat yang tidak stabil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 35.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span lang="SV">Keberadaan</span></b><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV">Meski neon membutuhkan ruang yang luas pada penggunaannya, Neon berfungsi
sebagai indikator tegangan tinggi, penangkap kilat, tabung wave meter dan
tabung televisi. Neon dan helium digunakan dalam pembuatan laser gas. Neon cair
sekarang tersedia secara komersial dan sangat penting diterapkan sebagai
pembeku embrio (bakal makhluk hidup) yang ekonomis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-78167234682298584002013-02-13T20:44:00.000+08:002013-04-08T20:45:04.924+08:00SOAL DAN JAWABAN LARUTAN ASAM BASA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EN-GB">soal</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Jelaskan pengertian asam-basa menurut
Arrhenius dan Bronsted-Lowry dan lewis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">a.
donor proton <span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>e.
amfiprotik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">b.
akseptor proton <span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>f.
basa konjugasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">c.
protolisis <span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>g.
asam konjugasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">d.
autoprotolisis <span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>h.
asam Lewis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tulis reaksi ionisasi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>zat-zat berikut di dalam pelarut air menurut
teori arhenius</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">a.
HCOOH, HClO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S, H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, HNO<sub>2</sub>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. NH<sub>4</sub>OH, Be(OH)<sub>2</sub>,
Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>.</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dari reaksi-reaksi berikut tentukan
asam-basa menurut Bronsted- Lowry dan tuliskan tuliskan pasangan asam-basa
konjugasinya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">HNO<sub>2</sub>(aq) + OH<sup>–</sup>(aq)
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H<sub>2</sub>O(l) + NO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">HBr(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Br–(aq)
+ H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">NH<sub>3</sub>(aq) + HBO<sub>3</sub><sup>2–<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup>(aq) H2BO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq) +
NH<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq)
+ H<sub>2</sub>O(l<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H<sub>3</sub>O+(aq)
+ SO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>+
H<sub>2</sub>O(l)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H<sub>3</sub>O+(aq) + HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tunjukkan reaksi-reaksi berikut dengan
konsep asam–basa Lewis, tuliskan struktur molekul dengan pasangan elektron yang
terlibat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.45pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. AlCl<sub>3</sub> + NH<sub>3</sub>
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Cl<sub>3</sub>AlNH<sub>3</sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.45pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. H<sup>+</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O
<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H<sub>3</sub>O+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.45pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. SO<sub>3</sub> + OH<sup>–</sup>
<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.45pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. BCl<sub>3</sub> + NH<sub>3</sub>
<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cl<sub>3</sub>BNH<sub>3</sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">jawaban</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Menurut archenius <br />
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Asam adalah zat yang bila dilarutkan
dalam air akan menghasilkan ion hidrogen (H<sup>+</sup>). Basa adalah zat yang
bisa dilarutkan dalam air akan menghasilkan ion Hidroksida (OH<sup>-</sup>)</span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Menurut Brownsted-Lowry</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Asam adalah zat pemberi atau donor (H<sup>+</sup>).
Basa adalah zat penerimaan atau akseptor proton (H<sup>+</sup>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Menurut Lewis</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Asam adalah zat penerima atau akseptor
pasangan elektron. Basa adalah zat pemberi atau donor pasangan electron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2. <span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. Donor proton: zat </span><span class="st"><span lang="EN-GB">yang memberikan ion h+ atau </span></span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">proton</span></em><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. Akseptor proton: zat </span><span class="st"><span lang="EN-GB">yang menerima ion H+ atau </span></span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">proton</span></em><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. </span><span lang="EN-GB">Protolisis
adlalah perpindahan proton antar senyawa yang mempunyai sifat-sifat asam atau
basa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. </span><span lang="EN-GB">Autoprotolisis
adalah transfer proton dari satu molekul air ke molekul air lainnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. </span><span lang="EN-GB">Amfiprotik
artinya dapat bertindak sebagai proton donor maupun proton akseptor, bergantung
pada zat yang dicampurkan ke dalamnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">f. </span><span lang="EN-GB">Asam
Konjugasi adalah basa yang menerima <a href="http://daddysunsek.com/loker/lowongan-kerja-perawat-pt-liebra-permana-bogor-januari-2013">1</a>
proton atau ion H<sup>+</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">g. </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://daddysunsek.com/kimia-kelas-xi/teori-asam-basa-arrhenius-kimia-sma-kelas-xi-semester-2">Basa</a>
konjugasi adalah asam yang melepaskan 1 proton atau ion H<sup>+</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">h. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Asam
adalah zat penerima atau akseptor pasangan elektron</span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB">HCOOH<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>HCOO<sup>-</sup> + <b>H<sup>+</sup></b></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">HClO<sub>2<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span></sub>ClO<sub>2</sub></span><sup><span lang="EN-GB">-</span></sup><span lang="EN-GB"> + <b>H<sup>+</sup></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">H<sub>2</sub>S<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>S<sup>2-</sup>
+ 2<b>H<sup>+</sup></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2</sup></span><sup><span lang="EN-GB">-</span></sup><span lang="EN-GB"> + 2<b>H<sup>+</sup></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">HNO<sub>2</sub></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span> </span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">NO<sub>2</sub></span><sup><span lang="EN-GB">-</span></sup><span lang="EN-GB"> + <b>H<sup>+</sup></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>NH<sub>4</sub>OH</span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">NH<sub>4</sub></span><sup><span lang="EN-GB">+</span></sup><span lang="EN-GB"> + <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">OH<sup>-</sup></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Be(OH)<sub>2</sub></span><span lang="EN-GB"> <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Be</span><sup><span lang="EN-GB"> 2+</span></sup><span lang="EN-GB"> + <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2OH<sup>-</sup></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Al(OH)<sub>3</sub></span><span lang="EN-GB"> <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Al</span><sup><span lang="EN-GB"> 3+</span></sup><span lang="EN-GB"> + <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3OH<sup>-</sup></b></span><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">HNO<sub>2</sub>(aq)</span></b><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> + OH<sup>–</sup>(aq) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H<sub>2</sub>O(l) + <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">NO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. </span>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">HBr(aq)</span></b><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Br–(aq</i>) + H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. </span>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">NH<sub>3</sub>(aq)</span></b><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> +
HBO<sub>3</sub><sup>2–<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup>(aq) <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>H<sub>2</sub>BO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq)
+ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">NH<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. </span>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq)</span></b><span style="color: #2c2a2a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> + H<sub>2</sub>O(l<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H<sub>3</sub>O+(aq)
+ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #2c2a2a;">H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></span></b><span style="color: #2c2a2a;">+ H<sub>2</sub>O(l)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H<sub>3</sub>O+(aq) + <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq)</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ket :<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">tebal</b>
=asam </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">miring</span></i><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">= basa
konjugat(pasangan)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">normal; pasangan
</span></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-36029001127737038522013-01-10T20:17:00.000+08:002013-04-08T20:18:01.593+08:00Sahabat-Sahabat Penulis Wahyu<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Diantara para juru tulis
Rasulullah SAW yang terkenal ( termashur ) yaitu :<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1265736137502192424" name="_ftnref1"></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
1.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Abu Bakar Ash-Shidiq ra. Beliau merupakan khalifah pertama dari
khulafaur rasyidin setelah Nabi Muhammad SAW wafat.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
2.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Umar bin Khottob ra. Beliau merupakan khalifah kedua yang menjadi
pelindung yang sangat kuat bagi agama Islam.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
3.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Usman bin Affan ra. Beliau adalah khalifah ketiga yang sangat kaya dan
beliau membelanjakan hartanya untuk kepentingan agama Islam.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
4.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Ali bin Abi Tholib ra.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
5.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Amir bin Fuhairoh. Beliau inilah yang menjadi juru tulis surat-surat
Nabi SAW yang dikirim kepada raja-raja untuk menyeru mereka kepada Islam.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
6.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Ubay bin Ka’ab. Beliau yang mula-mula menjadi juru tulis pertama Nabi
dari kalangan Anshor. Beliau ini seorang yang banyak menulis wahyu.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
7.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Tsabit bin Qois bin Syammas.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
8.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Zaid bin Tsabit.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
9.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
10.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Yazid
saudara Muawiyah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
11.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Al-Mughiroh
bin Syu’bah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
12.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Zuber
bin Awwam.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
13.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Kholid
bin Walid.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
14.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Al-Ala
Al-Hadromi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
15.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Amru
bin Ash.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
16.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Muhammad
bin Maslamah. Dan beberapa orang lainnya.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b>Sahabat-Sahabat Yang Hafal Al-Qur'an Sepenuhnya</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">v</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Dari golongan Muhajirin</div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
1.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Abu Bakar Ash Sehidiq ra.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
2.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Umar Ibnul Khattab ra.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
3.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Utsman bin Affan ra.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
4.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Ali ibn Abi Thalib ra.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
5.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Tholhah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
6.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Sa’ad.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
7.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Hudzaifah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
8.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Salim.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
9.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Abu Hurairah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
10.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Abdullah
bin Mas’ud.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
11.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Abdullah
bin Umar.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
12.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Abdullah
bin Abbas.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
13.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Amru
bin Ash.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
14.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Abdullah
bin Amru bin Ash.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
15.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Muawiyah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
16.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Abdullah
bin Zuber.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
17.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Abdullah
As-Sa’ib.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
18.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Aisyah
Ummul Mu’minin ra.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
19.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Hafsah
( juga termasuk juru tulis pada masa itu ).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
20.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Ummu
Salamah Ummul Mukminin.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">v</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>Dari golongan Anshor</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
1.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Ubay bin Ka’ab.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
2.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Muadz bin Jabal.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
3.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Zaid bin Tsabit.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
4.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Abu Darda.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
5.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Abu Zaid ( Qois bin Sakan bin Qois ).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
6.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Majma bin Jariyah ( Haritsah ).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
7.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Anas bin Malik.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Selain itu
terdapat lagi sahabat-sahabat lain, yaitu :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
1.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Ubadah bin Shamit.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
2.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Fudholah bin Ubaid.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
3.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Maslamah bin Kholid.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
4.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Qois Abi Sho’sho’ah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
5.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Tamim Ad-Dari.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
6.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Uqbah bin Amir.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
7.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Salamah bin Makhlad.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
8.<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span>Abu Musa Al-Asy’ari.</div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-6429438256939676272013-01-08T20:30:00.000+08:002013-04-08T20:16:12.858+08:00SEJARAH SINGKAT AL-QURAN<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dikalangan para
ulama, termenilologi pengumpulan Al qur’an memiliki dua konotasi, yaitu
konotasi penghafalan Al Qur’an dan konotasi penulisan Al qur’an.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Penghafalan
Al qur’an</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nabi Saw adalah orang pertama yang menghfal Al qur’an.
Tindakan Nabi Saw merupakan suri tauladan bagi para sahabatnya. Menurut imam Al
Bukhori, para sahabat penghafal Al Qur’an antara lain : Abdullah bin Mas’ud,
Salim bin Mi’qal, Mu’adz bin Jabal, Ubay bin Ka’ab, Zaid bin Tsabit, Abu Zaid
bin Sakan, dan Abu Darda. Ada juga para sahabat perempuan yang hafal Al qur’an
seperti Aisyah, Hafsah, Ummu Salah, dan Ummu Waraqa.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Penulisan Al
qur’an</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. Masa Nabi
Muhammad Saw.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada tahap ini penyandaran pada hafalan lebih banyak dari
pada penulisan karena hafalan para sahabat sangat kuat dan cepat disamping
sedikitnya orang yang bisa baca tulis dan sarananya. Oleh karena itu, siapa
saja dari kalangan mereka yang mendengar satu ayat saja, dia akan langsung
menghafalnya atau menulisnya dengan sarana seadanya, seperti pelepah kurma,
potongan kulit, permukaan batu, atau tulang belulang. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nabi Muhammad Saw. juga mempunyai beberapa sekertaris
dalam penulisan Al Qur’an yang tugasnya khusus mencatat ayat Al Qur’an, antara
lain : Abu Bakar, Ustman bin Affan, Umar bin Khattab, Ali bin Abi thalib, Zaid
bin Tsabit, Abu Zaid bin Sakan, Khalid bin Walid, dan Muawiyyah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Faktor pendorong penulisan Al qur’an ini yaitu :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ø </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Membukukan
hafalan yang telah dilakukan oleh Nabi Saw dan para sahabat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ø </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mempresentasikan
wahyu dengan cara yang paling sempurna.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada masa Nabi Muhammad Saw ini Al Qur’an tidak di tulis
pada satu tempat, dengan dua alasan yaitu :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ø </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses
penurunan Al Qur’an masih berlanjut, sehingga ada kemungkinan ayat yang turun
belakangan “menghapus” redaksi dan ketentuan hukum ayat yang sudah turun dahulu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ø </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyusunan ayat
dan surat Al Qur’an tidak bertolak pada kronologisnya, tetapi pada keserasian
ayat atau surat satu dengan yang lain.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. Masa
khulafa’ur rasyidin </span></i></b><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masa Abu Bakar</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada dasarnya, seluruh Al Qur’an sudah ditulis pada masa
Nabi Saw. Hanya saja, surat dan ayatnya masih terpencar-pencar. Pada zaman Abu
Bakar tahun 12 H penyebab pengumpulannya adalah pada perang Yamamah banyak dari
kalangan para penghafal Al qur’an yang terbunuh. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Maka abu bakar memerintahkan untuk mengumpulkan Al qur’an
agar tidak hilang. Dalam kitab sahih Bukhori disebutkan bahwa, Umar bin Khattob
mengemukakan pandangan tersebut kepada Abu Bakar setelah selesainya perang
Yamamah. Abu Bakar tidak mau melakukannya karena takut dosa, sehingga Umar
terus menerus mengemukakan pandangannya sampai Allah Swt membukakan pintu hati
Abu Bakar untuk hal itu, dia lalu memanggil Za’id bin Tsabit. Abu bakar
mengatakan pada Za’id : “Sesungguhnya engkau adalah seorang yang masih muda dan
berakal cemerlang, kami tidak meragukanmu, engkau dulu pernah menulis wahyu
untuk Rasulullah, maka sekarang carilah Al Qur’an dan kumpulkanlah!”. Za’id
berkata : “maka aku pun mencari dan mengumpulakan dari pelepah kurma, permukaan
batu, dan dari hafalan orang-orang”. Mushaf tersebut berada ditangan Abu Bakar
hingga dia wafat, kemudian dipegang oleh Umar hingga wafatnya, dan kemudian
dipegang oleh Hafsah binti umar. Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhori secara panjang
lebar.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sampai Ali bin Abi Thalib mengatakan : “orang yang paling
besar pahalanya pada mushaf Al Qur’an adalah Abu Bakar, semoga allah Swt
memberi rahamat kepada abu bakar karena dia lah orang yang paling pertama kali
mengumpulkan kitab allah Swt.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masa Utsman bin Affan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada zaman Utsman bin Affan pada tahun 25 H. Sebabnya
adalah perbedaan kaum muslimin pada dialeg bacaan Al Qur’an sesuai dengan
perbedaan mushaf-mushaf yang berada di tangan para sahabat. Hal itu
dikhawatirkan akan menjadi fitnah, maka Utsman memerintahkan untuk mengumpulkan
mushaf-mushaf tersebut menjadi satu mushaf sehingga kaum muslimin tidak berbeda
bacaannya kemudian bertengkar pada Kitab Allah dan akhirnya terpecah belah. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam Kitab Sahih Bukhori disebutkan, bahwa Hudzaifah bin
Yaman datang menghadap Utsman bin Affan dari perang pembebasan Armenia dan
Azerbaijan. Dia khawatir melihat perbedaan mereka pada dialeg bacaan Al Qur’an,
dia katakan “Wahai amirul mu’minin, selamatkan lah umat ini sebelum mereka
berpecah belah pada Kitab Allah Swt seperti perpecahan kaum yahudi dan
nasrani!”. Utsman lalu mengutus seseorang kepada Hafsah “kirimkan pada kami
mushaf yang engkau pegang agar kami menggantikan mushaf-mushaf yang ada
dengannya kemudian akan kami kembalikan kepadamu.” Hafsah lalu mengirimkan
mushaf tersebut. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kemudian ustman memerintahkan Zaid bin Tsabit, Abdullah
bin Zubair, Sa’id bin Ash, dan Abdurrahman bin Harits untuk menuliskannya
kembali dan memperbanyaknya. Dari mushaf-mushaf tersebut satu salinan disimpan
di Madinah dan yang lain dikirimkan di berbagai pusat islam seperti kota
Kuffah, Bashroh, Damaskus, dan Mekkah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyempurnaan Penulisan Al Qur’an
setelah masa Khalifah</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mushaf ditulis atas perintah Ustman
tidak memiliki harakat dan tanda titik sehingga dapat dibaca dengan salah satu
qira’at yang tujuh. Ketika banyak orang non arab yang memelu islam, mereka
kesulitan membaca mushaf tersebut. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyempurnaan tersebut antara lain yaitu :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ubaidillah bin Ziyad dan Hajjaj bin
Yusuf memerintakan seorang lelaki Persia untuk meletakkan <i>alif </i>sebagai
pengganti dari huruf yang dibuang. Misalnya (</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">اقلَتْ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) di ganti
menjadi (</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">قَالَتْ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>),
dan sebagainya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abu Al Aswad, Yahya bin Ya’mar, dan Nasr bin Ashim
sebagai orang pertama kali yang meletakkan <i>tanda titik</i> pada mushaf
usmani</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Al Khalil bin Ahmad adalah orang yang pertama kali
meletakkan tanda <i>hamzah, tasydid, ar-raum, al-isymam.</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-41194196504003375312012-11-01T12:17:00.001+08:002012-11-01T12:17:19.225+08:00PUSING <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
mau kerja proposal tapi tidak tau <br />mulainya dari mana<br /><br />KEEP KALEM <br /><br />tugas akhir pasti kelar </div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-86953051088177167582012-10-10T03:30:00.000+08:002012-10-10T03:30:00.268+08:00 Tata Cara Menangkal Dan Menanggulangi Sihir<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3}"><span class="userContent">
Allah telah mensyari’atkan kepada hamba-hambaNya supaya mereka
menjauhkan diri dari kejahatan sihir sebelum terjadi pada diri mereka.
Allah juga menjelaskan tentang bagaimana cara pengobatan sihir bila
telah terjadi. Ini merupakan rahmat dan kasih sayang Allah, kebaikan dan
kesempurnaan nikmatNya kepada mereka.<br /> <br /> Berikut ini beberapa
penjelasan tentang usaha menjaga diri dari bahaya sihir sebelum terjadi,
begitu pula usaha dan cara pengobatannya bila terkena sihir, yakni
cara-cara yang dibolehkan menurut hukum syara’:<br /> <br /> Pertama:
Tindakan preventif, yakni usaha menjauhkan diri dari bahaya sihir
sebelum terjadi. Cara yang paling penting dan bermanfaat ialah penjagaan
dengan melakukan dzikir yang disyari’atkan, membaca do’a dan ta’awwudz
sesuai dengan tuntunan Rasulullah ‘Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa
sallam, di antaranya seperti di bawah ini:<br /> <br /> A. Membaca ayat
Kursi setiap selesai shalat lima waktu, sesudah membaca wirid yang
disyari’atkan setelah salam, atau dibaca ketika akan tidur. Karena ayat
Kursi termasuk ayat yang paling besar nilainya di dalam Al-Qur’an.
Rasulullah ‘Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam bersabda dalam
salah satu hadits shahihnya :<br /> <br /> “Barangsiapa membaca ayat Kursi pada malam hari, Allah senantiasa menjaganya dan syetan tidak mendekatinya sampai Shubuh.”<br /> <br /> Ayat Kursi terdapat dalam surat Al-Baqarah ayat 255 yang bunyinya :<br /> <br />
“Allah tidak ada Tuhan selain Dia, Yang hidup kekal lagi terus-menerus
mengurus (makhlukNya), tidak mengantuk dan tidak tidur, kepunyaanNya apa
yang ada di langit dan apa yang di bumi. Siapakah yang dapat memberi
syafa’at di sisi Allah tanpa izinNya? Allah mengetahui apa yang di
hadapan mereka dan di belakang mereka, dan mereka tidak mengetahui
apa-apa dari ilmu Allah melainkan apa yang dikehendakiNya. Kursi Allah
meliputi langit dan bumi, dan Allah Maha Tinggi lagi Maha Besar.”<br /> <br />
B. Membaca surat Al-Ikhlas, surat Al-Falaq, dan surat An-Naas pada
setiap selesai shalat lima waktu, dan membaca ketiga surat tersebut
sebanyak tiga kali pada pagi hari sesudah shalat Shubuh, dan menjelang
malam sesudah shalat Maghrib, sesuai dengan hadits riwayat Abu Dawud,
At-Tirmidzi dan An-Nasa’i.<br /> <br /> C. Membaca dua ayat terakhir dari surat Al-Baqarah yaitu ayat 285-286 pada permulaan malam, sebagaimana sabda Rasulullah :<br /> <br /> “Barangsiapa membaca dua ayat terakhir dari surat Al-Baqarah pada malam hari, maka cukuplah baginya.”<br /> <br /> Adapun bacaan ayat tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:<br /> <br />
“Rasul telah beriman kepada Al-Qur’an yang diturunkan kepadanya dari
Tuhannya, demikian pula orang-orang yang beriman. Semuanya beriman
kepada Allah, malaikat-malaikat, kitab-kitab dan rasul-rasulNya. (Mereka
mengatakan), ‘Kami tidak membeda-bedakan antara seseorang (dengan yang
lain) dari rasul-rasulNya’. (Mereka berdo’a): ‘Ampunilah kami, ya Tuhan
kami, dan kepada Engkaulah tempat kembali.”<br /> <br /> “Allah tidak
membebani seseorang melainkan sesuai dengan kesanggupannya, ia mendapat
pahala (dari kewajiban) yang diusahakannya dan ia mendapat siksa (dari
kejahatan) yang dikerjakannya. (Mereka berdo’a), ‘Ya Tuhan kami,
janganlah Engkau hukum kami jika kami lupa atau bersalah. Ya Tuhan kami,
janganlah Engkau bebankan kepada kami beban yang berat sebagaimana
Engkau bebankan kepada orang-orang yang sebelum kami. Ya Tuhan kami,
janganlah Engkau pikulkan kepada kami apa yang tak sanggup kami
memikulnya, beri maaflah kami, ampunilah kami, dan rahmatilah kami.
Engkaulah penolong kami, maka tolonglah kami terhadap orang-orang yang
kafir.”<br /> <br /> D. Banyak berlindung dengan kalimat-kalimat Allah yang sempurna.<a name='more'></a><br /> <br />
Hendaklah dibaca pada malam hari dan siang hari ketika berada di suatu
tempat, ketika masuk ke dalam suatu bangunan, ketika berada di tengah
padang pasir, di udara atau di laut. Sabda Rasulullah Shallallahu
‘alaihi wa sallam :<br /> <br /> “Barangsiapa singgah di suatu tempat dan
dia mengucapkan: ‘A’uudzu bi kalimaatillahi attaammaati min syarri maa
khalaq’ (aku berlindung dengan kalimat-kalimat Allah yang sempurna dari
kejahatan makhluk ciptaanNya), maka tidak ada sesuatu pun yang
membahayakannya sampai ia pergi dari tempat itu.”<br /> <br /> E. Membaca do’a di bawah ini masing-masing tiga kali pada pagi hari dan menjelang malam :<br /> <br />
“Dengan nama Allah, yang bersama namaNya, tidak ada sesuatu pun yang
membahayakan, baik di bumi maupun di langit dan Dia Maha Mendengar dan
Maha Mengetahui.” (HR. Abu Daud dan At-Tirmidzi)<br /> <br /> Bacaan-bacaan
dzikir dan ta’awwudz ini merupakan sebab-sebab yang besar untuk
memperoleh keselamatan dan untuk menjauhkan diri dari kejahatan sihir
atau kejahatan lainnya. Yaitu bagi mereka yang selalu mengamalkannya
secara benar disertai keyakinan yang penuh kepada Allah, bertumpu dan
pasrah kepadaNya dengan lapang dada dan hati yang khusyu’.<br /> <br />
Kedua: Bacaan-bacaan seperti ini juga merupakan senjata ampuh untuk
menghilangkan sihir yang sedang menimpa seseorang, dibaca dengan hati
yang khusyu’, tunduk dan merendahkan diri, seraya memohon kepada Allah
agar dihilangkan bahaya dan malapetaka yang dihadapi. Do’a-do’a
berdasarkan riwayat yang kuat dari Rasulullah untuk menyembuhkan
penyakit yang disebabkan oleh sihir dan lain sebagainya adalah sebagai
berikut:<br /> <br /> 1. Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam me-ruqyah
(mengobati dengan membaca ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an atau do’a-do’a)
sahabat-sahabatnya dengan bacaan :<br /> <br /> Artinya: “Ya Allah, Tuhan
segenap manusia….! Hilangkanlah sakit dan sembuhkanlah, Engkau Maha
Penyembuh, tidak ada penyembuhan melainkan penyembuhan dariMu,
penyembuhan yang tidak meninggalkan penyakit.” (HR. Al-Bukhari).<br /> <br /> 2. Do’a yang dibaca Jibril , ketika meruqyah Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam.<br /> <br />
“Dengan nama Allah, aku meruqyahmu dari segala yang menyakitkanmu, dan
dari kejahatan setiap diri atau dari pandangan mata yang penuh
kedengkian, semoga Allah menyembuhkanmu, dengan nama Allah aku
meruqyahmu.” Bacaan ini hendaknya diulang tiga kali.<br /> <br /> 3.
Pengobatan sihir cara lainnya, terutama bagi laki-laki yang tidak dapat
berjimak dengan istrinya karena terkena sihir. Yaitu, ambillah tujuh
lembar daun bidara yang masih hijau, ditumbuk atau digerus dengan batu
atau alat tumbuk lainnya, sesudah itu dimasukkan ke dalam bejana
secukupnya untuk mandi; bacakan ayat Kursi pada bejana tersebut; bacakan
pula surat Al-Kafirun, Al-Ikhlas, Al-Falaq, An-Naas, dan ayat-ayat
sihir dalam surat Al-A’raf ayat 117-119, surat Yunus ayat 79-82 dan
surat Thaha ayat 65-69.<br /> <br /> Surat Al-A’raf ayat 117-119 yang bunyinya:<br /> <br />
“Dan Kami wahyukan kepada Musa: ‘Lemparkanlah tongkatmu!’ Maka
sekonyong-konyong tongkat itu menelan apa yang mereka sulapkan. Karena
itu, nyatalah yang benar dan batallah yang selalu mereka kerjakan. Maka
mereka orang-orang yang hina.”<br /> <br /> Surat Yunus ayat 79-82:<br /> <br />
“Fir’aun berkata (kepada pemuka kaumnya): ‘Datangkanlah kepadaku semua
ahli sihir yang pandai’. Maka tatkala ahli-ahli sihir itu datang, Musa
berkata kepada mereka: ‘Lemparkanlah apa yang hendak kamu lemparkan’.
Maka setelah mereka lemparkan, Musa berkata: ‘Apa yang kamu lakukan itu,
itulah sihir, sesungguhnya Allah akan menampakkan ketidakbenaran
mereka. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak akan membiarkan terus berlangsung
pekerjaan orang-orang yang membuat kerusakan. Dan Allah akan mengokohkan
yang benar dengan ketetapanNya, walaupun orang-orang yang berbuat dosa
tidak menyukai(nya).“<br /> <br /> Surat Thaha ayat 65-69 yang bunyinya :<br /> <br />
“Mereka bertanya,’Hai Musa (pilihlah), apakah kamu yang melemparkan
(dahulu) atau kamilah yang mula-mula melemparkan?’ Musa
menjawab,’Silahkan kamu sekalian melemparkan’. Maka tiba-tiba tali-tali
dan tongkat-tongkat mereka, terbayang oleh Musa seakan-akan ia merayap
cepat lantaran sihir mereka. Maka Musa merasa takut dalam hatinya. Kami
berfirman: ‘Janganlah kamu takut, sesungguhnya kamulah yang paling
unggul (menang). Dan lemparkanlah apa yang ada di tangan kananmu,
niscaya ia akan menelan apa yang mereka perbuat, sesungguhnya apa yang
mereka perbuat itu adalah tipu daya tukang sihir (belaka). Dan tidak
akan menang tukang sihir itu dari mana saja ia datang.”<br /> <br /> Setelah selesai membaca ayat-ayat tersebut di atas hendaklah diminum sedikit airnya dan sisanya dipakai untuk mandi.)<br /> <br /> Dengan cara ini mudah-mudahan Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala menghilangkan penyakit yang sedang dideritanya.<br /> <br />
4. Cara pengobatan lainnya, sebagai cara yang paling bermanfaat ialah
berupaya mengerahkan tenaga dan daya untuk mengetahui di mana tempat
sihir terjadi, di atas gunung atau di tempat manapun ia berada, dan bila
sudah diketahui tempatnya, diambil dan dimusnahkan sehingga lenyaplah
sihir tersebut.<br /> <br /> Inilah beberapa penjelasan tentang
perkara-perkara yang dapat menjaga diri dari sihir dan usaha pengobatan
atau cara penyembuhannya, dan hanya kepada Allah kita memohon
pertolongan.<br /> <br /> Adapun pengobatan dengan cara-cara yang dilakukan
oleh tukang-tukang sihir, yaitu dengan mendekatkan diri kepada jin
disertai dengan penyembelihan hewan, atau cara-cara mendekatkan diri
lainnya, maka semua ini tidak dibenarkan karena termasuk perbuatan
syirik paling besar yang wajib dihindari.<br /> <br /> Demikian pula
pengobatan dengan cara bertanya kepada dukun,’arraaf (tukang ramal) dan
menggunakan petunjuk sesuai dengan apa yang mereka katakan. Semua ini
tidak dibenarkan dalam Islam, karena dukun-dukun tersebut tidak beriman
kepada Allah; mereka adalah pendusta dan pembohong yang mengaku
mengetahui hal-hal ghaib, dan kemudian menipu manusia.<br /> <br />
Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam telah memperingatkan
orang-orang yang mendatangi mereka, menanyakan dan membenarkan apa yang
mereka katakan, sebagaimana telah dijelaskan hukum-hukumnya di awal
tulisan ini.<br /> <br /> Kepada Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala kita memohon,
agar seluruh kaum muslimin dilimpahkan kesejahteraan dan keselamatan
dari segala kejahatan, dan semoga Allah melindungi mereka, agama mereka,
dan menganugerahkan kepada mereka pemahaman dan agamaNya, serta
memelihara mereka dari segala sesuatu yang menyalahi syari’atNya.<br /> <br />
(Dikutip dari tulisan Syaikh Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah bin Baz, dikirim :
oleh al Akh Hari Nasution. Diterbitkan oleh Depar-temen Urusan
KeIslaman, Wakaf, Dakwah Dan Bimbingan Islam, Saudi Arabia)<br /> <br />
Dikutip dari Salafy.or.id offline Penulis: Syaikh Abdul Aziz bin
Abdullah bin Baz, Judul: Hukum tentang Sihir dan Perdukunan/Paranormal</span></span></h5>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-46952952781387278992012-10-09T21:03:00.001+08:002012-10-09T21:03:10.038+08:00Teleport Masih Fiksi, Santet Sudah Nyata <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3}"><span class="userContent"><br /> <br />
Perkembangan penelitian Quantum Teleportation selama lima tahun
terakhir membuat banyak ilmuwan makin percaya bahwa teknologi teleport
dalam film Star Trek dapat diwujudkan.<br /> <br /> Tahun 2007, para ilmuwan
baru bisa mengkondisikan material di satu tempat dengan material di
tempat lain. (sumber) Tahun 2011, para ilmuwan telah berhasil
mengirimkan partikel photon hingga mencapai jarak 89 mil. (sumber)<br /> <br />
Kini negara-negara maju tengah bersaing untuk menjadi negara pertama
yang menemukan teknologi teleport. Klasemen sementara saat ini, China
yang memimpin persaingan.<br /> <br /> Sebenarnya, Amerika telah lebih
unggul dalam mengkondisikan material agar bisa di-teleport. Hal ini
dibuktikan dengan pengkondisian materi bola emas yang bisa mengambang di
atas meja kaca (sumber). Namun sayangnya, penelitian Quantum Teleport
di Amerika dihentikan pendanaannya pada tahun 2008.<br /> <br /> Hanya saja,
peneliti negara maju cuma bisa memindahkan partikel photon, sedangkan
dukun santet di Indonesia sudah mampu memindahkan jarum, paku, beling,
lipan, kecoa dan lain-lain ke dalam tubuh manusia. Mana yang lebih
canggih coba?<br /> <br /> Jangan ketawa dulu … Pihak Amerika yang berhasil
mengkondisikan bola emas bukanlah institusi yang murni bergerak dalam
bidang fisika kuantum, melainkan National Institute of Health! Health?
Kesehatan? Yeps! Penelitian kesehatan sudah mencapai tahap fisika
kuantum sehingga ada usaha melakukan penyembuhan melalui gelombang
elektromagnetik. Dan perlu kita tahu bahwa fenomena santet bisa kita
saksikan di Museum Kesehatan di Surabaya. Sama-sama masuk ke kesehatan,
bukan? Hahaha …<br /> <br /> Dalam Museum Kesehatan di Surabaya, ditayangkan
foto-foto proses santet dalam acara  Seminar Budaya Tabloid POSMO
Tahun 2002 yang bertajuk Membedah Santet dan Pengobatan Supranatural.
Ditujukkan bagaimana beberapa jarum tiba-tiba berubah menjadi cahaya dan
masuk ke dalam tubuh ayam. Setelah ayamnya disembelih, jarum-jarum itu
tertancap di jantung dan ulu hatinya.<br /> <a name='more'></a><br /> Penggambaran sederhana
tentang santet adalah mengubah jarum menjadi gelombang kemudian
mengirimkannya masuk ke dalam tubuh korban. Gambaran sederhana ini tidak
bertentangan dengan fisika kuantum karena setiap materi memang memiliki
dualisme, sebagai gelombang maupun sebagai partikel.<br /> <br /> Dualisme
gelombang dan partikel memungkinkan terjadinya fenomena lipatan ruang
dan waktu. Hal ini karena gelombang dapat merambat dengan kecepatan
cahaya, dan kita tahu bahwa kecepatan cahaya adalah kecepatan mutlak dan
tak ada yang bisa lebih cepat lagi. Dengan kata lain, kecepatan cahaya
adalah ujung dimensi ruang-waktu tempat kita berada sekarang.<br /> <br />
Sulit juga menjelaskannya karena Fisika Kuantum sangat jauh berbeda
dengan Fisika Klasik Newtonian. Karna sebagian besar penduduk dunia
masih berpikir menggunakan filosofi Newtonian, maka cara terbaik
menjelaskan fenomena kuantum adalah dengan analogi Newtonian. Meskipun
penjelasan analogis kadang menyesatkan karena tidak memuat seluruh
aspek, namun analogi adalah cara yang terbaik.<br /> <br /> Sebelum beranjak
lebih jauh, kita lihat fenomena Sonic Boom atau terbentuknya kerucut
kabut pada saat pesawat menembus kecepatan suara, seperti gambar di
bawah ini:<br /> <br /> Kabut tersebut terbentuk karena gelombang suara yang
menyatu mengakibatkan udara di sekitar pesawat mengalami kondensasi.
Dengan kata lain, kita bisa mengubah  udara menjadi kabut dengan
memodifikasi gelombang suara. Nah, jika menggunakan gelombang suara yang
primitif aja bisa mengubah udara jadi kabut, apa yang bisa kita lakukan
dengan gelombang elektromagnet yang bisa mencapai ujung dimensi?<br /> <br />
Interaksi gelombang elektromagnetik banyak dibahas dalam Quantum
Entanglement. Tahu apa itu Quantum Entanglement? Kalo engga tau juga
engga masalah, karena memang tidak ada yang tahu. Aku sendiri peneliti
independen fisika kuantum sejak 2000 juga engga benar-benar tahu. Kalo
ada yang tahu, tentulah namanya bukan entanglement atau bahasa
Indonesianya berbelit-belit.<br /> <br /> Contoh kasus quantum entanglement
adalah ketika seekor anak anjing dipisah dari induknya dalam jarak
ratusan mil. Si anak anjing ditakut-takuti sehingga denyut jantung anak
anjing berdetak makin cepat. Sang induk anjing yang engga di apa-apain
tiba-tiba denyut jantungnya sama seperti denyut jantung si anak anjing.
Nah, kira-kira apa yang menyebabkan denyut jantung induk anjing sama
seperti anaknya? Tidak pernah ada penjelasan yang memuaskan, makanya
disebut entanglement alias berbelit-belit!<br /> <br /> Penjelasan yang
paling diterima dalam kasus anjing di atas adalah adanya gelombang
elektromagnetik yang diberi nama non-local signal. Riset lebih lanjut
menunjukkan bahwa non-local signal tidak hanya terjadi ada mahluk hidup,
tapi juga terjadi pada batu permata. Jika manusia maupun benda mati
sama-sama memiliki non-local signal, maka tidak tertutup kemungkinan
manusia bisa mensinkronkan sinyal tersebut untuk melakukan santet.<br /> <br />
Sayangnya, fenomena santet tak jauh beda dengan fenomena kekayaan seni
budaya dan kekayaan alam di Indonesia. Diabaikan dan dibiarkan diolah
oleh asing. Sampai kapan kita menjadi bangsa munafik yang mengingkari
kelebihan dan kekurangan bangsa kita sendiri, dan terus menerus
bercermin mematut-matutkan diri dengan budaya asing?<br /> <br /> Semoga
kelak kita memiliki pemerintahan yang membuat kita menjadi bangsa yang
penuh percaya diri, sehingga muncul generasi pemberani bagai generasi
Star Trek ….<br /> <br /> To explore strange new worlds<br /> <br /> To seek out new life and new civilizations<br /> <br /> To boldly go where no man has gone before</span></span></h5>
</div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1265736137502192424.post-6336117439817978532012-10-09T16:04:00.002+08:002012-10-09T16:04:47.385+08:00Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<![endif]--><b><span style="color: #990000; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
============<br />
Apa yang dimaksud pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis masalah?<br />
Pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (problem-based learning / PBL) adalah
konsep pembelajaran yang membantu guru menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran yang
dimulai dengan masalah yang penting dan relevan (bersangkut-paut) bagi siswa,
dan memungkinkan siswa memperoleh pengalaman belajar yang lebih realistik
(nyata).<br />
<br />
Mengapa diperlukan pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis masalah?<br />
Perlunya pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis masalah didasarkan pada
kenyataan-kenyataan sebagai berikut:<br />
1. Pada dasarnya, berpikir terjadi dalam konteks memecahkan masalah, yaitu
adanya kesenjangan antara apa yang diharapkan dengan apa yang ada.<br />
2. Seseorang menjadi tertarik atau berminat mengerjakan sesuatu apabila berada
dalam ruang lingkup atau berkaitan dengan masalah yang dihadapinya. Demikian
pula dengan belajar.<br />
<span class="fullpost">3. Pada saat mempelajari bahan pelajaran, siswa ingin
segera mengetahui apa sebenarnya manfaat mempelajarinya, dan masalah apa
sajakah yang dapat dipecahkan dengan pengetahuan atau bahan itu.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">4. Suatu kompetensi paling efektif dicapai oleh pelajar
melalui serangkaian pengalaman pemecahan masalah realistik yang di dalamnya si
pelajar secara langsung menerapkan unsur-unsur kompetensi tersebut.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="fullpost">Bagaimana cara melaksanakan pendekatan pembelajaran
berbasis masalah?</span></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<span class="fullpost">Pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dilaksanakan oleh
guru dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut:</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">1. Persiapan:</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">Menyusun masalah yang akan dijadikan titik pangkal
(starting point) pembelajaran. Masalah dipilih yang penting dan relevan bagi
siswa, serta membutuhkan penerapan gagasan atau tindakan yang terkait dengan
atau mengarah pada bahan pelajaran.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">2. Orientasi (pengenalan):</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">a. Menyajikan masalah di kelas.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">b. Membangkitkan ketertarikan atau rasa ingin tahu siswa
pada masalah.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">c. Memberi kesempatan kepada siswa untuk memahami situasi
atau maksud masalah.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">3. Eksplorasi (penjelajahan):</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">Memberi kesempatan kepada siswa untuk memecahkan masalah
dengan strategi yang diciptakan sendiri oleh siswa. Masalah boleh dipecahkan
siswa secara pribadi atau dalam kerjasama dengan siswa lain. Guru memberi
dukungan bagi usaha mereka, misalnya dengan menjadi pendengar yang penuh
perhatian atau memberi bantuan atau saran sejauh diperlukan.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">4. Negosiasi (perundingan):</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">Mendorong para siswa untuk mengkomunikasikan dan
mendiskusikan proses dan hasil pemecahan masalah, sehingga diperoleh
gagasan-gagasan atau tindakan-tindakan yang dapat diterima oleh komunitas
kelas.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">5. Integrasi (pemaduan):</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">a. Memandu siswa untuk merefleksikan proses pemecahan
masalah.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">b. Mengidentifikasi dan merumuskan hasil-hasil belajar
yang diperoleh dari kegiatan pemecahan masalah.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">c. Mengkaitkan hasil-hasil belajar itu dengan pengetahuan
sebelumnya, sehingga tersusun jaringan/organisasi pengetahuan yang baru.<br /></span><b><span style="color: #990000; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
Oleh : Susento dan M. Andy Rudhito<br />
Pendidikan Matematika<br />
FKIP Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta</span><br /></div>
reski wahyudihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05206215191982416236noreply@blogger.com0